Ch 10Conic Sectionsशंकु परिच्छेदConic Sections
Sections of a cone, and the standard equations of the circle, parabola, ellipse and hyperbola — focus, directrix, axes, eccentricity, latus rectum — with every NCERT exercise solved.शंकु के परिच्छेद, और वृत्त, परवलय, दीर्घवृत्त व अतिपरवलय के मानक समीकरण — नाभि, नियता, अक्ष, उत्केंद्रता, नाभिलंब — NCERT के सभी प्रश्नों के हल के साथ।Cone ke sections, aur circle, parabola, ellipse va hyperbola ki standard equations — focus, directrix, axes, eccentricity, latus rectum — NCERT ke saare questions ke hal ke saath.
Didn’t understand a paragraph? Tap it (or its अ button) → हिंदी / Hinglish / Simple English.कोई पैराग्राफ़ समझ नहीं आया? उस पर (या अ बटन पर) टैप करें → English / Hinglish।Koi paragraph samajh nahi aaya? Us par (ya अ button par) tap kijiye → हिंदी / English.
Diagrams in this chapterइस अध्याय के चित्रIs chapter ke diagrams
Circle: every point at distance r from the centreवृत्त: हर बिंदु केंद्र से दूरी r परCircle: every point at distance r from the centreSection 10.3
Parabola y² = 4ax: focus, directrix, latus rectumपरवलय y² = 4ax: नाभि, नियता, नाभिलंबParabola y² = 4ax: focus, directrix, latus rectumSection 10.4
Ellipse x²/a² + y²/b² = 1: foci, axes, PF₁ + PF₂ = 2aदीर्घवृत्त x²/a² + y²/b² = 1: नाभियाँ, अक्ष, PF₁ + PF₂ = 2aEllipse x²/a² + y²/b² = 1: foci, axes, PF₁ + PF₂ = 2aSection 10.5
Hyperbola x²/a² − y²/b² = 1: foci, vertices, |PF₁ − PF₂| = 2aअतिपरवलय x²/a² − y²/b² = 1: नाभियाँ, शीर्ष, |PF₁ − PF₂| = 2aHyperbola x²/a² − y²/b² = 1: foci, vertices, |PF₁ − PF₂| = 2aSection 10.6In this chapter (NCERT sections)इस अध्याय में (NCERT खंड)Is chapter mein (NCERT sections)
- 10.2Sections of a Coneशंकु के परिच्छेदCone ke sections
- 10.3Circleवृत्तCircle
- 10.4ParabolaपरवलयParabola
- 10.5Ellipseदीर्घवृत्तEllipse
- 10.6HyperbolaअतिपरवलयHyperbola
- ★Yaad rakho — key formulasयाद रखो — मुख्य सूत्रYaad rakho — key formulas
- ⚠Common mistakesआम गलतियाँCommon mistakes
- ✎NCERT exercises — solutionsNCERT प्रश्नावली — हलNCERT exercises — solutions
- 🎯Quizक्विज़Quiz
10.2Sections of a Coneशंकु के परिच्छेदCone ke sections
Cut a double cone (semi-vertical angle α) with a plane making angle β with the vertical axis. If the plane does not pass through the vertex: β = 90° gives a circle, α < β < 90° an ellipse, β = α a parabola, and 0 ≤ β < α a hyperbola. If the plane passes through the vertex you get a point, a line or a pair of lines — the degenerate conics.एक द्वि-शंकु (अर्ध-शीर्ष कोण α) को ऊर्ध्वाधर अक्ष से कोण β बनाने वाले तल से काटिए। यदि तल शीर्ष से होकर न जाए: β = 90° पर वृत्त, α < β < 90° पर दीर्घवृत्त, β = α पर परवलय, और 0 ≤ β < α पर अतिपरवलय। यदि तल शीर्ष से होकर जाए तो एक बिंदु, एक रेखा या रेखा-युग्म मिलता है — अपभ्रष्ट शंकु परिच्छेद।Double cone (semi-vertical angle α) ko vertical axis se angle β banane wale plane se kaatiye. Agar plane vertex se na jaaye: β = 90° par circle, α < β < 90° par ellipse, β = α par parabola, aur 0 ≤ β < α par hyperbola. Agar plane vertex se jaaye to point, line ya pair of lines milta hai — degenerate conics.
10.3Circleवृत्तCircle
Circle: every point at distance r from the centreवृत्त: हर बिंदु केंद्र से दूरी r परCircle: every point at distance r from the centreSection 10.3 · 5 tappable partsअनुभाग 10.3 · 5 टैप करने लायक हिस्सेSection 10.3 · 5 tappable partsOpenSolution — step by step (1)हल — चरण दर चरण (1)Hal — step by step (1)
- Complete the squares.पूर्ण वर्ग बनाइए।Complete the square kijiye.(x^2 + 8x + 16) + (y^2 + 10y + 25) = 8 + 16 + 25 \Rightarrow (x + 4)^2 + (y + 5)^2 = 49
✔ Centre (−4, −5), radius 7केंद्र (−4, −5), त्रिज्या 7Centre (−4, −5), radius 7
Solution — step by step (2)हल — चरण दर चरण (2)Hal — step by step (2)
- (h - 2)^2 + (k + 2)^2 = (h - 3)^2 + (k - 4)^2 \Rightarrow 2h + 12k = 17,\ \ h + k = 2
- h = 0.7,\ k = 1.3,\ r^2 = 12.58 \Rightarrow 5x^2 + 5y^2 - 7x - 13y - 52 = 0
10.4ParabolaपरवलयParabola
A parabola is the set of points equidistant from a fixed line (the directrix) and a fixed point not on it (the focus). The line through the focus perpendicular to the directrix is the axis; it meets the parabola at the vertex.परवलय उन बिंदुओं का समुच्चय है जो एक स्थिर रेखा (नियता) और उस पर न स्थित एक स्थिर बिंदु (नाभि) से समदूरस्थ हों। नाभि से होकर नियता पर लंब रेखा अक्ष है; यह परवलय को शीर्ष पर काटती है।Parabola un points ka set hai jo ek fixed line (directrix) aur us par na pade fixed point (focus) se barabar doori par hon. Focus se directrix par perpendicular line axis hai; yeh parabola ko vertex par kaatti hai.
Parabola y² = 4ax: focus, directrix, latus rectumपरवलय y² = 4ax: नाभि, नियता, नाभिलंबParabola y² = 4ax: focus, directrix, latus rectumSection 10.4 · 7 tappable partsअनुभाग 10.4 · 7 टैप करने लायक हिस्सेSection 10.4 · 7 tappable partsOpenLatus rectum: the chord through the focus perpendicular to the axis; its length is 4a.नाभिलंब: नाभि से होकर अक्ष पर लंब जीवा; इसकी लंबाई 4a है।Latus rectum: focus se axis par perpendicular chord; iski length 4a hai.
Solution — step by step (1)हल — चरण दर चरण (1)Hal — step by step (1)
- 4a = 8 \Rightarrow a = 2:\ F(2, 0),\ x = -2,\ \ LR = 8
✔ Axis: the x-axis.अक्ष: x-अक्ष।Axis: x-axis.
Solution — step by step (1)हल — चरण दर चरण (1)Hal — step by step (1)
- x^2 = -4ay:\ 4 = 12a \Rightarrow a = \frac{1}{3} \Rightarrow 3x^2 = -4y
10.5Ellipseदीर्घवृत्तEllipse
An ellipse is the set of points the sum of whose distances from two fixed points (the foci) is constant (= 2a). Major axis 2a through the foci, minor axis 2b, distance between foci 2c, with a^2 = b^2 + c^2.दीर्घवृत्त उन बिंदुओं का समुच्चय है जिनकी दो स्थिर बिंदुओं (नाभियों) से दूरियों का योग अचर (= 2a) हो। दीर्घ अक्ष 2a नाभियों से होकर, लघु अक्ष 2b, नाभियों के बीच की दूरी 2c, जहाँ a^2 = b^2 + c^2।Ellipse un points ka set hai jinki do fixed points (foci) se dooriyon ka jod constant (= 2a) ho. Major axis 2a foci se, minor axis 2b, foci ke beech doori 2c, jahan a^2 = b^2 + c^2.
Ellipse x²/a² + y²/b² = 1: foci, axes, PF₁ + PF₂ = 2aदीर्घवृत्त x²/a² + y²/b² = 1: नाभियाँ, अक्ष, PF₁ + PF₂ = 2aEllipse x²/a² + y²/b² = 1: foci, axes, PF₁ + PF₂ = 2aSection 10.5 · 7 tappable partsअनुभाग 10.5 · 7 टैप करने लायक हिस्सेSection 10.5 · 7 tappable partsOpenSolution — step by step (1)हल — चरण दर चरण (1)Hal — step by step (1)
- \frac{x^2}{4} + \frac{y^2}{9} = 1:\ a = 3\ (y),\ b = 2,\ c = \sqrt{9 - 4} = \sqrt{5}
✔ F(0, ±√5), V(0, ±3); major axis 6, minor 4; e = √5/3.F(0, ±√5), V(0, ±3); दीर्घ अक्ष 6, लघु 4; e = √5/3।F(0, ±√5), V(0, ±3); major axis 6, minor 4; e = √5/3.
Solution — step by step (1)हल — चरण दर चरण (1)Hal — step by step (1)
- \frac{16}{a^2} + \frac{9}{b^2} = 1,\ \ \frac{1}{a^2} + \frac{16}{b^2} = 1 \Rightarrow a^2 = \frac{247}{7},\ b^2 = \frac{247}{15}
✔ 7x^2 + 15y^2 = 247
10.6HyperbolaअतिपरवलयHyperbola
A hyperbola is the set of points the difference of whose distances from two fixed points (foci) is constant (= 2a). Transverse axis 2a, conjugate axis 2b, c^2 = a^2 + b^2, and e = \frac{c}{a} > 1.अतिपरवलय उन बिंदुओं का समुच्चय है जिनकी दो स्थिर बिंदुओं (नाभियों) से दूरियों का अंतर अचर (= 2a) हो। अनुप्रस्थ अक्ष 2a, संयुग्मी अक्ष 2b, c^2 = a^2 + b^2, और e = \frac{c}{a} > 1।Hyperbola un points ka set hai jinki do fixed points (foci) se dooriyon ka antar constant (= 2a) ho. Transverse axis 2a, conjugate axis 2b, c^2 = a^2 + b^2, aur e = \frac{c}{a} > 1.
Hyperbola x²/a² − y²/b² = 1: foci, vertices, |PF₁ − PF₂| = 2aअतिपरवलय x²/a² − y²/b² = 1: नाभियाँ, शीर्ष, |PF₁ − PF₂| = 2aHyperbola x²/a² − y²/b² = 1: foci, vertices, |PF₁ − PF₂| = 2aSection 10.6 · 7 tappable partsअनुभाग 10.6 · 7 टैप करने लायक हिस्सेSection 10.6 · 7 tappable partsOpenIn a hyperbola a is NOT always bigger than b — the axis is decided by which term is positive. Latus rectum = \frac{2b^2}{a}.अतिपरवलय में a हमेशा b से बड़ा नहीं होता — अक्ष इससे तय होता है कि कौन-सा पद धनात्मक है। नाभिलंब = \frac{2b^2}{a}।Hyperbola mein a hamesha b se bada nahi hota — axis is se tay hota hai ki kaun sa term positive hai. Latus rectum = \frac{2b^2}{a}.
Solution — step by step (1)हल — चरण दर चरण (1)Hal — step by step (1)
- c = 12,\ \frac{2b^2}{a} = 36 \Rightarrow b^2 = 18a;\ \ a^2 + 18a = 144 \Rightarrow a = 6,\ b^2 = 108
✔ \frac{y^2}{36} - \frac{x^2}{108} = 1
★ Yaad rakho — key formulas★ याद रखो — मुख्य सूत्र★ Yaad rakho — key formulas
- Circle (x - h)^2 + (y - k)^2 = r^2; x^2 + y^2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 → centre (-g, -f), r = \sqrt{g^2 + f^2 - c}.वृत्त (x - h)^2 + (y - k)^2 = r^2; x^2 + y^2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 → केंद्र (-g, -f), r = \sqrt{g^2 + f^2 - c}।Circle (x - h)^2 + (y - k)^2 = r^2; x^2 + y^2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 → centre (-g, -f), r = \sqrt{g^2 + f^2 - c}.
- Parabola y^2 = 4ax: focus (a, 0), directrix x = -a, latus rectum 4a.परवलय y^2 = 4ax: नाभि (a, 0), नियता x = -a, नाभिलंब 4a।Parabola y^2 = 4ax: focus (a, 0), directrix x = -a, latus rectum 4a.
- Ellipse: c^2 = a^2 - b^2, e = \frac{c}{a} < 1. Hyperbola: c^2 = a^2 + b^2, e = \frac{c}{a} > 1.दीर्घवृत्त: c^2 = a^2 - b^2, e = \frac{c}{a} < 1। अतिपरवलय: c^2 = a^2 + b^2, e = \frac{c}{a} > 1।Ellipse: c^2 = a^2 - b^2, e = \frac{c}{a} < 1. Hyperbola: c^2 = a^2 + b^2, e = \frac{c}{a} > 1.
- Latus rectum of ellipse and hyperbola: \frac{2b^2}{a}.दीर्घवृत्त और अतिपरवलय का नाभिलंब: \frac{2b^2}{a}।Ellipse aur hyperbola ka latus rectum: \frac{2b^2}{a}.
- Ellipse: larger denominator decides the major axis. Hyperbola: the positive term decides the transverse axis.दीर्घवृत्त: बड़ा हर दीर्घ अक्ष तय करता है। अतिपरवलय: धनात्मक पद अनुप्रस्थ अक्ष तय करता है।Ellipse: bada denominator major axis tay karta hai. Hyperbola: positive term transverse axis tay karta hai.
- Ellipse PF_1 + PF_2 = 2a; hyperbola |PF_1 - PF_2| = 2a.दीर्घवृत्त PF_1 + PF_2 = 2a; अतिपरवलय |PF_1 - PF_2| = 2a।Ellipse PF_1 + PF_2 = 2a; hyperbola |PF_1 - PF_2| = 2a.
⚠ Common mistakes⚠ आम गलतियाँ⚠ Common mistakes
- Writing c^2 = a^2 + b^2 for an ellipse (that is the hyperbola rule).दीर्घवृत्त के लिए c^2 = a^2 + b^2 लिखना (यह अतिपरवलय का नियम है)।Ellipse ke liye c^2 = a^2 + b^2 likhna (yeh hyperbola ka rule hai).
- Taking a as the number under x² every time — in an ellipse a is the LARGER one; \frac{x^2}{4} + \frac{y^2}{25} = 1 has a = 5 along y.हर बार x² के नीचे वाली संख्या को a मानना — दीर्घवृत्त में a बड़ी संख्या है; \frac{x^2}{4} + \frac{y^2}{25} = 1 में a = 5, y के अनुदिश।Har baar x² ke neeche wale number ko a maanna — ellipse mein a bada wala hai; \frac{x^2}{4} + \frac{y^2}{25} = 1 mein a = 5, y ke along.
- Forgetting to divide to make the right side 1 first (e.g. 36x² + 4y² = 144 → x²/4 + y²/36 = 1).पहले दायाँ पक्ष 1 बनाने के लिए भाग देना भूलना (जैसे 36x² + 4y² = 144 → x²/4 + y²/36 = 1)।Pehle right side 1 banane ke liye divide karna bhoolna (jaise 36x² + 4y² = 144 → x²/4 + y²/36 = 1).
- For y² = 4ax, latus rectum = 4a, not 2a. In y² = 12x, a = 3 (not 12).y² = 4ax में नाभिलंब = 4a, 2a नहीं। y² = 12x में a = 3 (12 नहीं)।y² = 4ax mein latus rectum = 4a, 2a nahi. y² = 12x mein a = 3 (12 nahi).
- Circle in general form: the coefficients of x² and y² must be 1 before reading g, f (2x² + 2y² − x = 0 → divide by 2).व्यापक रूप में वृत्त: g, f पढ़ने से पहले x² और y² के गुणांक 1 होने चाहिए (2x² + 2y² − x = 0 → 2 से भाग)।General form mein circle: g, f padhne se pehle x² aur y² ke coefficients 1 hone chahiye (2x² + 2y² − x = 0 → 2 se divide).
✎ NCERT exercises — solutions✎ NCERT प्रश्नावली — हल✎ NCERT exercises — solutions
All 70 questions of the NCERT exercises. Tap a question to see the solution — try it yourself first!NCERT प्रश्नावली के सभी 70 प्रश्न। हल देखने के लिए प्रश्न पर टैप करें — पहले स्वयं हल करके देखें!NCERT exercises ke saare 70 questions. Hal dekhne ke liye question par tap kijiye — pehle khud try kijiye!
Exercise 10.1प्रश्नावली 10.1Exercise 10.1 · 15 Q
Q6–9: centre and radius.प्रश्न 6–9: केंद्र और त्रिज्या।Q6–9: centre aur radius.
Q1. Centre (0, 2), radius 2केंद्र (0, 2), त्रिज्या 2Centre (0, 2), radius 2
- x^2 + (y - 2)^2 = 4 \Rightarrow x^2 + y^2 - 4y = 0
Q2. Centre (−2, 3), radius 4केंद्र (−2, 3), त्रिज्या 4Centre (−2, 3), radius 4
- (x + 2)^2 + (y - 3)^2 = 16 \Rightarrow x^2 + y^2 + 4x - 6y - 3 = 0
Q3. Centre (1/2, 1/4), radius 1/12केंद्र (1/2, 1/4), त्रिज्या 1/12Centre (1/2, 1/4), radius 1/12
- \left(x - \frac{1}{2}\right)^2 + \left(y - \frac{1}{4}\right)^2 = \frac{1}{144}
- x^2 + y^2 - x - \frac{y}{2} + \frac{5}{16} - \frac{1}{144} = 0 \Rightarrow 36x^2 + 36y^2 - 36x - 18y + 11 = 0
Q4. Centre (1, 1), radius √2केंद्र (1, 1), त्रिज्या √2Centre (1, 1), radius √2
- (x - 1)^2 + (y - 1)^2 = 2 \Rightarrow x^2 + y^2 - 2x - 2y = 0
Q5. Centre (−a, −b), radius √(a² − b²)केंद्र (−a, −b), त्रिज्या √(a² − b²)Centre (−a, −b), radius √(a² − b²)
- (x + a)^2 + (y + b)^2 = a^2 - b^2 \Rightarrow x^2 + y^2 + 2ax + 2by + 2b^2 = 0
Q6. (x + 5)² + (y − 3)² = 36
✔ Centre (−5, 3), r = 6केंद्र (−5, 3), r = 6Centre (−5, 3), r = 6
Q7. x² + y² − 4x − 8y − 45 = 0
- (x - 2)^2 + (y - 4)^2 = 45 + 4 + 16 = 65
✔ Centre (2, 4), r = √65केंद्र (2, 4), r = √65Centre (2, 4), r = √65
Q8. x² + y² − 8x + 10y − 12 = 0
- (x - 4)^2 + (y + 5)^2 = 12 + 16 + 25 = 53
✔ Centre (4, −5), r = √53केंद्र (4, −5), r = √53Centre (4, −5), r = √53
Q9. 2x² + 2y² − x = 0
- x^2 + y^2 - \frac{x}{2} = 0 \Rightarrow \left(x - \frac{1}{4}\right)^2 + y^2 = \frac{1}{16}
✔ Centre (1/4, 0), r = 1/4केंद्र (1/4, 0), r = 1/4Centre (1/4, 0), r = 1/4
Q10. Circle through (4, 1) and (6, 5) with centre on 4x + y = 16.(4, 1) और (6, 5) से होकर वृत्त, केंद्र 4x + y = 16 पर।(4, 1) aur (6, 5) se circle, centre 4x + y = 16 par.
- (h - 4)^2 + (k - 1)^2 = (h - 6)^2 + (k - 5)^2 \Rightarrow h + 2k = 11;\ \ 4h + k = 16
- h = 3,\ k = 4,\ r^2 = 1 + 9 = 10 \Rightarrow x^2 + y^2 - 6x - 8y + 15 = 0
Q11. Circle through (2, 3) and (−1, 1) with centre on x − 3y − 11 = 0.(2, 3) और (−1, 1) से होकर वृत्त, केंद्र x − 3y − 11 = 0 पर।(2, 3) aur (−1, 1) se circle, centre x − 3y − 11 = 0 par.
- (h - 2)^2 + (k - 3)^2 = (h + 1)^2 + (k - 1)^2 \Rightarrow 6h + 4k = 11;\ \ h - 3k = 11
- h = \frac{7}{2},\ k = -\frac{5}{2},\ r^2 = \frac{130}{4} \Rightarrow x^2 + y^2 - 7x + 5y - 14 = 0
Q12. Radius 5, centre on the x-axis, passing through (2, 3).त्रिज्या 5, केंद्र x-अक्ष पर, (2, 3) से होकर।Radius 5, centre x-axis par, (2, 3) se.
- (h - 2)^2 + 9 = 25 \Rightarrow h = 6\ \text{or}\ -2(h - 2)^2 + 9 = 25 \Rightarrow h = 6\ \text{या}\ -2(h - 2)^2 + 9 = 25 \Rightarrow h = 6\ \text{ya}\ -2
✔ x^2 + y^2 - 12x + 11 = 0 or x^2 + y^2 + 4x - 21 = 0x^2 + y^2 - 12x + 11 = 0 या x^2 + y^2 + 4x - 21 = 0x^2 + y^2 - 12x + 11 = 0 ya x^2 + y^2 + 4x - 21 = 0
Q13. Circle through (0, 0) making intercepts a and b on the axes.(0, 0) से होकर, अक्षों पर अंतःखंड a और b बनाने वाला वृत्त।(0, 0) se, axes par intercepts a aur b banane wala circle.
- \text{through } (0, 0), (a, 0), (0, b) \Rightarrow \text{centre } \left(\frac{a}{2}, \frac{b}{2}\right)(0, 0), (a, 0), (0, b) \text{ से होकर} \Rightarrow \text{केंद्र } \left(\frac{a}{2}, \frac{b}{2}\right)(0, 0), (a, 0), (0, b) \text{ se} \Rightarrow \text{centre } \left(\frac{a}{2}, \frac{b}{2}\right)
✔ x^2 + y^2 - ax - by = 0
Q14. Centre (2, 2), passing through (4, 5).केंद्र (2, 2), (4, 5) से होकर।Centre (2, 2), (4, 5) se.
- r^2 = 4 + 9 = 13:\ (x - 2)^2 + (y - 2)^2 = 13 \Rightarrow x^2 + y^2 - 4x - 4y = 5
Q15. Does (−2.5, 3.5) lie inside, outside or on x² + y² = 25?क्या (−2.5, 3.5), x² + y² = 25 के अंदर, बाहर या उस पर है?Kya (−2.5, 3.5), x² + y² = 25 ke andar, bahar ya us par hai?
- 6.25 + 12.25 = 18.5 < 25
✔ Inside (its distance from the centre √18.5 < 5).अंदर (केंद्र से दूरी √18.5 < 5)।Andar (centre se doori √18.5 < 5).
Exercise 10.2प्रश्नावली 10.2Exercise 10.2 · 12 Q
Q7–12: equation of the parabola.प्रश्न 7–12: परवलय का समीकरण।Q7–12: parabola ka equation.
Q1. y² = 12x
✔ a = 3: F(3, 0), axis x-axis, directrix x = −3, LR 12a = 3: F(3, 0), अक्ष x-अक्ष, नियता x = −3, नाभिलंब 12a = 3: F(3, 0), axis x-axis, directrix x = −3, LR 12
Q2. x² = 6y
✔ a = 3/2: F(0, 3/2), axis y-axis, directrix y = −3/2, LR 6a = 3/2: F(0, 3/2), अक्ष y-अक्ष, नियता y = −3/2, नाभिलंब 6a = 3/2: F(0, 3/2), axis y-axis, directrix y = −3/2, LR 6
Q3. y² = −8x
✔ a = 2: F(−2, 0), axis x-axis, directrix x = 2, LR 8a = 2: F(−2, 0), अक्ष x-अक्ष, नियता x = 2, नाभिलंब 8a = 2: F(−2, 0), axis x-axis, directrix x = 2, LR 8
Q4. x² = −16y
✔ a = 4: F(0, −4), axis y-axis, directrix y = 4, LR 16a = 4: F(0, −4), अक्ष y-अक्ष, नियता y = 4, नाभिलंब 16a = 4: F(0, −4), axis y-axis, directrix y = 4, LR 16
Q5. y² = 10x
✔ a = 5/2: F(5/2, 0), axis x-axis, directrix x = −5/2, LR 10a = 5/2: F(5/2, 0), अक्ष x-अक्ष, नियता x = −5/2, नाभिलंब 10a = 5/2: F(5/2, 0), axis x-axis, directrix x = −5/2, LR 10
Q6. x² = −9y
✔ a = 9/4: F(0, −9/4), axis y-axis, directrix y = 9/4, LR 9a = 9/4: F(0, −9/4), अक्ष y-अक्ष, नियता y = 9/4, नाभिलंब 9a = 9/4: F(0, −9/4), axis y-axis, directrix y = 9/4, LR 9
Q7. Focus (6, 0); directrix x = −6नाभि (6, 0); नियता x = −6Focus (6, 0); directrix x = −6
- a = 6:\ y^2 = 24x
Q8. Focus (0, −3); directrix y = 3नाभि (0, −3); नियता y = 3Focus (0, −3); directrix y = 3
- a = 3:\ x^2 = -12y
Q9. Vertex (0, 0); focus (3, 0)शीर्ष (0, 0); नाभि (3, 0)Vertex (0, 0); focus (3, 0)
- y^2 = 12x
Q10. Vertex (0, 0); focus (−2, 0)शीर्ष (0, 0); नाभि (−2, 0)Vertex (0, 0); focus (−2, 0)
- y^2 = -8x
Q11. Vertex (0, 0), through (2, 3), axis along the x-axis.शीर्ष (0, 0), (2, 3) से होकर, अक्ष x-अक्ष के अनुदिश।Vertex (0, 0), (2, 3) se, axis x-axis ke along.
- y^2 = 4ax:\ 9 = 8a \Rightarrow a = \frac{9}{8} \Rightarrow y^2 = \frac{9}{2}x \Rightarrow 2y^2 = 9x
Q12. Vertex (0, 0), through (5, 2), symmetric about the y-axis.शीर्ष (0, 0), (5, 2) से होकर, y-अक्ष के प्रति सममित।Vertex (0, 0), (5, 2) se, y-axis ke prati symmetric.
- x^2 = 4ay:\ 25 = 8a \Rightarrow x^2 = \frac{25}{2}y \Rightarrow 2x^2 = 25y
Exercise 10.3प्रश्नावली 10.3Exercise 10.3 · 20 Q
Q10–20: equation of the ellipse.प्रश्न 10–20: दीर्घवृत्त का समीकरण।Q10–20: ellipse ka equation.
Q1. x²/36 + y²/16 = 1
- \frac{x^2}{36} + \frac{y^2}{16} = 1:\ a = 6,\ b = 4,\ c = \sqrt{20} = 2\sqrt{5}
- F(\pm 2\sqrt{5}, 0),\ V(\pm 6, 0);\ 2a = 12,\ 2b = 8;\ e = \frac{\sqrt{5}}{3};\ LR = \frac{16}{3}
Q2. x²/4 + y²/25 = 1
- \frac{x^2}{4} + \frac{y^2}{25} = 1:\ a = 5,\ b = 2,\ c = \sqrt{21}
- F(0, \pm\sqrt{21}),\ V(0, \pm 5);\ 2a = 10,\ 2b = 4;\ e = \frac{\sqrt{21}}{5};\ LR = \frac{8}{5}
Q3. x²/16 + y²/9 = 1
- \frac{x^2}{16} + \frac{y^2}{9} = 1:\ a = 4,\ b = 3,\ c = \sqrt{7}
- F(\pm\sqrt{7}, 0),\ V(\pm 4, 0);\ 2a = 8,\ 2b = 6;\ e = \frac{\sqrt{7}}{4};\ LR = \frac{9}{2}
Q4. x²/25 + y²/100 = 1
- \frac{x^2}{25} + \frac{y^2}{100} = 1:\ a = 10,\ b = 5,\ c = \sqrt{75} = 5\sqrt{3}
- F(0, \pm 5\sqrt{3}),\ V(0, \pm 10);\ 2a = 20,\ 2b = 10;\ e = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2};\ LR = 5
Q5. x²/49 + y²/36 = 1
- \frac{x^2}{49} + \frac{y^2}{36} = 1:\ a = 7,\ b = 6,\ c = \sqrt{13}
- F(\pm\sqrt{13}, 0),\ V(\pm 7, 0);\ 2a = 14,\ 2b = 12;\ e = \frac{\sqrt{13}}{7};\ LR = \frac{72}{7}
Q6. x²/100 + y²/400 = 1
- \frac{x^2}{100} + \frac{y^2}{400} = 1:\ a = 20,\ b = 10,\ c = \sqrt{300} = 10\sqrt{3}
- F(0, \pm 10\sqrt{3}),\ V(0, \pm 20);\ 2a = 40,\ 2b = 20;\ e = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2};\ LR = 10
Q7. 36x² + 4y² = 144
- 36x^2 + 4y^2 = 144 \Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{4} + \frac{y^2}{36} = 1:\ a = 6,\ b = 2,\ c = \sqrt{32} = 4\sqrt{2}
- F(0, \pm 4\sqrt{2}),\ V(0, \pm 6);\ 2a = 12,\ 2b = 4;\ e = \frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3};\ LR = \frac{4}{3}
Q8. 16x² + y² = 16
- 16x^2 + y^2 = 16 \Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{1} + \frac{y^2}{16} = 1:\ a = 4,\ b = 1,\ c = \sqrt{15}
- F(0, \pm\sqrt{15}),\ V(0, \pm 4);\ 2a = 8,\ 2b = 2;\ e = \frac{\sqrt{15}}{4};\ LR = \frac{1}{2}
Q9. 4x² + 9y² = 36
- 4x^2 + 9y^2 = 36 \Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{9} + \frac{y^2}{4} = 1:\ a = 3,\ b = 2,\ c = \sqrt{5}
- F(\pm\sqrt{5}, 0),\ V(\pm 3, 0);\ 2a = 6,\ 2b = 4;\ e = \frac{\sqrt{5}}{3};\ LR = \frac{8}{3}
Q10. Vertices (±5, 0), foci (±4, 0)शीर्ष (±5, 0), नाभियाँ (±4, 0)Vertices (±5, 0), foci (±4, 0)
- a = 5,\ c = 4,\ b^2 = 25 - 16 = 9 \Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{25} + \frac{y^2}{9} = 1
Q11. Vertices (0, ±13), foci (0, ±5)शीर्ष (0, ±13), नाभियाँ (0, ±5)Vertices (0, ±13), foci (0, ±5)
- a = 13,\ c = 5,\ b^2 = 144 \Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{144} + \frac{y^2}{169} = 1
Q12. Vertices (±6, 0), foci (±4, 0)शीर्ष (±6, 0), नाभियाँ (±4, 0)Vertices (±6, 0), foci (±4, 0)
- b^2 = 36 - 16 = 20 \Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{36} + \frac{y^2}{20} = 1
Q13. Ends of major axis (±3, 0), ends of minor axis (0, ±2)दीर्घ अक्ष के सिरे (±3, 0), लघु अक्ष के सिरे (0, ±2)Major axis ke ends (±3, 0), minor axis ke ends (0, ±2)
- \frac{x^2}{9} + \frac{y^2}{4} = 1
Q14. Ends of major axis (0, ±√5), ends of minor axis (±1, 0)दीर्घ अक्ष के सिरे (0, ±√5), लघु अक्ष के सिरे (±1, 0)Major axis ke ends (0, ±√5), minor axis ke ends (±1, 0)
- \frac{x^2}{1} + \frac{y^2}{5} = 1
Q15. Length of major axis 26, foci (±5, 0)दीर्घ अक्ष की लंबाई 26, नाभियाँ (±5, 0)Major axis ki length 26, foci (±5, 0)
- a = 13,\ c = 5,\ b^2 = 144 \Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{169} + \frac{y^2}{144} = 1
Q16. Length of minor axis 16, foci (0, ±6)लघु अक्ष की लंबाई 16, नाभियाँ (0, ±6)Minor axis ki length 16, foci (0, ±6)
- b = 8,\ c = 6,\ a^2 = 64 + 36 = 100 \Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{64} + \frac{y^2}{100} = 1
Q17. Foci (±3, 0), a = 4नाभियाँ (±3, 0), a = 4Foci (±3, 0), a = 4
- b^2 = 16 - 9 = 7 \Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{16} + \frac{y^2}{7} = 1
Q18. b = 3, c = 4, centre at the origin, foci on the x-axisb = 3, c = 4, केंद्र मूल बिंदु पर, नाभियाँ x-अक्ष परb = 3, c = 4, centre origin par, foci x-axis par
- a^2 = 9 + 16 = 25 \Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{25} + \frac{y^2}{9} = 1
Q19. Centre (0, 0), major axis on the y-axis, through (3, 2) and (1, 6).केंद्र (0, 0), दीर्घ अक्ष y-अक्ष पर, (3, 2) और (1, 6) से होकर।Centre (0, 0), major axis y-axis par, (3, 2) aur (1, 6) se.
- \frac{x^2}{b^2} + \frac{y^2}{a^2} = 1:\ \frac{9}{b^2} + \frac{4}{a^2} = 1,\ \ \frac{1}{b^2} + \frac{36}{a^2} = 1 \Rightarrow a^2 = 40,\ b^2 = 10
✔ \frac{x^2}{10} + \frac{y^2}{40} = 1
Q20. Major axis on the x-axis, through (4, 3) and (6, 2).दीर्घ अक्ष x-अक्ष पर, (4, 3) और (6, 2) से होकर।Major axis x-axis par, (4, 3) aur (6, 2) se.
- \frac{16}{a^2} + \frac{9}{b^2} = 1,\ \ \frac{36}{a^2} + \frac{4}{b^2} = 1 \Rightarrow a^2 = 52,\ b^2 = 13
✔ \frac{x^2}{52} + \frac{y^2}{13} = 1 (i.e. x^2 + 4y^2 = 52)\frac{x^2}{52} + \frac{y^2}{13} = 1 (अर्थात x^2 + 4y^2 = 52)\frac{x^2}{52} + \frac{y^2}{13} = 1 (yaani x^2 + 4y^2 = 52)
Exercise 10.4प्रश्नावली 10.4Exercise 10.4 · 15 Q
Q7–15: equation of the hyperbola.प्रश्न 7–15: अतिपरवलय का समीकरण।Q7–15: hyperbola ka equation.
Q1. x²/16 − y²/9 = 1
- a = 4,\ b = 3,\ c = 5:\ F(\pm 5, 0),\ V(\pm 4, 0),\ e = \frac{5}{4},\ LR = \frac{2 \cdot 9}{4} = \frac{9}{2}
Q2. y²/9 − x²/27 = 1
- a = 3,\ b^2 = 27,\ c = 6:\ F(0, \pm 6),\ V(0, \pm 3),\ e = 2,\ LR = \frac{54}{3} = 18
Q3. 9y² − 4x² = 36
- \frac{y^2}{4} - \frac{x^2}{9} = 1:\ a = 2,\ b = 3,\ c = \sqrt{13}
- F(0, \pm\sqrt{13}),\ V(0, \pm 2),\ e = \frac{\sqrt{13}}{2},\ LR = \frac{18}{2} = 9
Q4. 16x² − 9y² = 576
- \frac{x^2}{36} - \frac{y^2}{64} = 1:\ a = 6,\ b = 8,\ c = 10
- F(\pm 10, 0),\ V(\pm 6, 0),\ e = \frac{5}{3},\ LR = \frac{128}{6} = \frac{64}{3}
Q5. 5y² − 9x² = 36
- \frac{y^2}{36/5} - \frac{x^2}{4} = 1:\ a = \frac{6}{\sqrt{5}},\ b = 2,\ c^2 = \frac{36}{5} + 4 = \frac{56}{5}
- F\left(0, \pm\frac{2\sqrt{14}}{\sqrt{5}}\right),\ V\left(0, \pm\frac{6}{\sqrt{5}}\right),\ e = \frac{\sqrt{14}}{3},\ LR = \frac{8}{6/\sqrt{5}} = \frac{4\sqrt{5}}{3}
Q6. 49y² − 16x² = 784
- \frac{y^2}{16} - \frac{x^2}{49} = 1:\ a = 4,\ b = 7,\ c = \sqrt{65}
- F(0, \pm\sqrt{65}),\ V(0, \pm 4),\ e = \frac{\sqrt{65}}{4},\ LR = \frac{98}{4} = \frac{49}{2}
Q7. Vertices (±2, 0), foci (±3, 0)शीर्ष (±2, 0), नाभियाँ (±3, 0)Vertices (±2, 0), foci (±3, 0)
- b^2 = 9 - 4 = 5 \Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{4} - \frac{y^2}{5} = 1
Q8. Vertices (0, ±5), foci (0, ±8)शीर्ष (0, ±5), नाभियाँ (0, ±8)Vertices (0, ±5), foci (0, ±8)
- b^2 = 64 - 25 = 39 \Rightarrow \frac{y^2}{25} - \frac{x^2}{39} = 1
Q9. Vertices (0, ±3), foci (0, ±5)शीर्ष (0, ±3), नाभियाँ (0, ±5)Vertices (0, ±3), foci (0, ±5)
- b^2 = 25 - 9 = 16 \Rightarrow \frac{y^2}{9} - \frac{x^2}{16} = 1
Q10. Foci (±5, 0), transverse axis of length 8नाभियाँ (±5, 0), अनुप्रस्थ अक्ष की लंबाई 8Foci (±5, 0), transverse axis ki length 8
- a = 4,\ b^2 = 9 \Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{16} - \frac{y^2}{9} = 1
Q11. Foci (0, ±13), conjugate axis of length 24नाभियाँ (0, ±13), संयुग्मी अक्ष की लंबाई 24Foci (0, ±13), conjugate axis ki length 24
- b = 12,\ a^2 = 169 - 144 = 25 \Rightarrow \frac{y^2}{25} - \frac{x^2}{144} = 1
Q12. Foci (±3√5, 0), latus rectum of length 8नाभियाँ (±3√5, 0), नाभिलंब की लंबाई 8Foci (±3√5, 0), latus rectum ki length 8
- \frac{2b^2}{a} = 8 \Rightarrow b^2 = 4a;\ \ a^2 + 4a = 45 \Rightarrow a = 5,\ b^2 = 20
✔ \frac{x^2}{25} - \frac{y^2}{20} = 1
Q13. Foci (±4, 0), latus rectum of length 12नाभियाँ (±4, 0), नाभिलंब की लंबाई 12Foci (±4, 0), latus rectum ki length 12
- b^2 = 6a;\ \ a^2 + 6a = 16 \Rightarrow a = 2,\ b^2 = 12
✔ \frac{x^2}{4} - \frac{y^2}{12} = 1
Q14. Vertices (±7, 0), e = 4/3शीर्ष (±7, 0), e = 4/3Vertices (±7, 0), e = 4/3
- c = \frac{28}{3},\ b^2 = \frac{784}{9} - 49 = \frac{343}{9} \Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{49} - \frac{9y^2}{343} = 1
Q15. Foci (0, ±√10), passing through (2, 3)नाभियाँ (0, ±√10), (2, 3) से होकरFoci (0, ±√10), (2, 3) se
- \frac{9}{a^2} - \frac{4}{10 - a^2} = 1 \Rightarrow a^4 - 23a^2 + 90 = 0 \Rightarrow a^2 = 5\ (18 > 10 \text{ rejected})\frac{9}{a^2} - \frac{4}{10 - a^2} = 1 \Rightarrow a^4 - 23a^2 + 90 = 0 \Rightarrow a^2 = 5\ (18 > 10 \text{ अस्वीकार})\frac{9}{a^2} - \frac{4}{10 - a^2} = 1 \Rightarrow a^4 - 23a^2 + 90 = 0 \Rightarrow a^2 = 5\ (18 > 10 \text{ reject})
✔ \frac{y^2}{5} - \frac{x^2}{5} = 1
Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 10अध्याय 10 पर विविध प्रश्नावलीMiscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 10 · 8 Q
Q1. A parabolic reflector is 20 cm in diameter and 5 cm deep. Find the focus.एक परवलयिक परावर्तक का व्यास 20 cm और गहराई 5 cm है। नाभि ज्ञात कीजिए।Ek parabolic reflector ka diameter 20 cm aur depth 5 cm hai. Focus nikaliye.
- y^2 = 4ax \text{ through } (5, 10):\ 100 = 20a \Rightarrow a = 5(5, 10) \text{ से होकर } y^2 = 4ax:\ 100 = 20a \Rightarrow a = 5(5, 10) \text{ se } y^2 = 4ax:\ 100 = 20a \Rightarrow a = 5
✔ Focus (5, 0) — the mid-point of the given diameter.नाभि (5, 0) — दिए गए व्यास का मध्य-बिंदु।Focus (5, 0) — diye gaye diameter ka mid-point.
Q2. A parabolic arch (axis vertical) is 10 m high and 5 m wide at the base. How wide is it 2 m from the vertex?परवलयाकार मेहराब (अक्ष ऊर्ध्वाधर) 10 m ऊँचा और आधार पर 5 m चौड़ा है। शीर्ष से 2 m पर इसकी चौड़ाई?Parabolic arch (axis vertical) 10 m ooncha aur base par 5 m chauda hai. Vertex se 2 m par chaudai?
- x^2 = -4ay \text{ through } (2.5, -10):\ 6.25 = 40a \Rightarrow 4a = 0.625(2.5, -10) \text{ से होकर } x^2 = -4ay:\ 6.25 = 40a \Rightarrow 4a = 0.625(2.5, -10) \text{ se } x^2 = -4ay:\ 6.25 = 40a \Rightarrow 4a = 0.625
- y = -2:\ x^2 = 1.25 \Rightarrow x \approx 1.118;\ \ 2x \approx 2.24
✔ About 2.23 m (√5 m ≈ 2.236 m).लगभग 2.23 m (√5 m ≈ 2.236 m)।Lagbhag 2.23 m (√5 m ≈ 2.236 m).
Q3. A suspension-bridge cable hangs as a parabola; the roadway is 100 m long, the longest wire 30 m and the shortest 6 m. Find the wire 18 m from the middle.झूला पुल की केबल परवलय के रूप में है; सड़क 100 m लंबी, सबसे लंबा तार 30 m और सबसे छोटा 6 m। बीच से 18 m पर तार की लंबाई?Suspension bridge ki cable parabola jaisi hai; road 100 m lambi, sabse lamba taar 30 m aur sabse chhota 6 m. Beech se 18 m par taar ki length?
- \text{vertex } (0, 6):\ x^2 = 4a(y - 6);\ \ 50^2 = 4a \cdot 24 \Rightarrow 4a = \frac{625}{6}\text{शीर्ष } (0, 6):\ x^2 = 4a(y - 6);\ \ 50^2 = 4a \cdot 24 \Rightarrow 4a = \frac{625}{6}\text{vertex } (0, 6):\ x^2 = 4a(y - 6);\ \ 50^2 = 4a \cdot 24 \Rightarrow 4a = \frac{625}{6}
- x = 18:\ y - 6 = \frac{324 \times 6}{625} \approx 3.11 \Rightarrow y \approx 9.11
✔ About 9.11 mलगभग 9.11 mLagbhag 9.11 m
Q4. A semi-elliptical arch is 8 m wide and 2 m high at the centre. Height 1.5 m from one end?अर्ध-दीर्घवृत्ताकार मेहराब 8 m चौड़ा और केंद्र पर 2 m ऊँचा है। एक सिरे से 1.5 m पर ऊँचाई?Semi-elliptical arch 8 m chauda aur centre par 2 m ooncha hai. Ek end se 1.5 m par oonchai?
- \frac{x^2}{16} + \frac{y^2}{4} = 1,\ x = 4 - 1.5 = 2.5:\ y^2 = 4\left(1 - \frac{6.25}{16}\right) = 2.4375
✔ y ≈ 1.56 m
Q5. A 12 cm rod moves with its ends on the axes. Locus of P on the rod, 3 cm from the end on the x-axis.12 cm की छड़ के सिरे अक्षों पर चलते हैं। छड़ पर x-अक्ष वाले सिरे से 3 cm दूर बिंदु P का बिंदुपथ।12 cm rod ke ends axes par chalte hain. Rod par x-axis wale end se 3 cm door point P ka locus.
- A(12\cos\theta, 0),\ B(0, 12\sin\theta),\ AP = 3,\ PB = 9 \Rightarrow P = (9\cos\theta, 3\sin\theta)
✔ \frac{x^2}{81} + \frac{y^2}{9} = 1 (an ellipse)\frac{x^2}{81} + \frac{y^2}{9} = 1 (एक दीर्घवृत्त)\frac{x^2}{81} + \frac{y^2}{9} = 1 (ek ellipse)
Q6. Area of the triangle joining the vertex of x² = 12y to the ends of its latus rectum.x² = 12y के शीर्ष को नाभिलंब के सिरों से मिलाने पर बने त्रिभुज का क्षेत्रफल।x² = 12y ke vertex ko latus rectum ke ends se jodne par bane triangle ka area.
- a = 3:\ \text{ends } (\pm 6, 3);\quad \frac{1}{2} \times 12 \times 3 = 18a = 3:\ \text{सिरे } (\pm 6, 3);\quad \frac{1}{2} \times 12 \times 3 = 18a = 3:\ \text{ends } (\pm 6, 3);\quad \frac{1}{2} \times 12 \times 3 = 18
✔ 18 sq units18 वर्ग इकाई18 sq units
Q7. A runner notes that the sum of his distances from two flag posts is always 10 m; the posts are 8 m apart. Find his path.एक धावक देखता है कि दो झंडों से उसकी दूरियों का योग सदा 10 m है; झंडे 8 m दूर हैं। उसका पथ ज्ञात कीजिए।Ek runner dekhta hai ki do flag posts se uski dooriyon ka jod hamesha 10 m hai; posts 8 m door hain. Uska path nikaliye.
- 2a = 10,\ 2c = 8 \Rightarrow a = 5,\ c = 4,\ b = 3
✔ \frac{x^2}{25} + \frac{y^2}{9} = 1
Q8. An equilateral triangle is inscribed in y² = 4ax with one vertex at the vertex of the parabola. Find its side.y² = 4ax में एक समबाहु त्रिभुज अंतर्गत है, जिसका एक शीर्ष परवलय के शीर्ष पर है। भुजा ज्ञात कीजिए।y² = 4ax mein ek equilateral triangle inscribed hai, jiska ek vertex parabola ke vertex par hai. Side nikaliye.
- \text{other vertices } \left(x, \pm\frac{x}{\sqrt{3}}\right):\ \frac{x^2}{3} = 4ax \Rightarrow x = 12a\text{अन्य शीर्ष } \left(x, \pm\frac{x}{\sqrt{3}}\right):\ \frac{x^2}{3} = 4ax \Rightarrow x = 12a\text{baaki vertices } \left(x, \pm\frac{x}{\sqrt{3}}\right):\ \frac{x^2}{3} = 4ax \Rightarrow x = 12a
- \text{side} = \frac{2x}{\sqrt{3}} = \frac{24a}{\sqrt{3}} = 8\sqrt{3}\,a\text{भुजा} = \frac{2x}{\sqrt{3}} = \frac{24a}{\sqrt{3}} = 8\sqrt{3}\,a\text{side} = \frac{2x}{\sqrt{3}} = \frac{24a}{\sqrt{3}} = 8\sqrt{3}\,a
🎯 Quiz — 12 questions🎯 क्विज़ — 12 प्रश्न🎯 Quiz — 12 questions
Tap an option. The answer and a short reason appear at once.किसी विकल्प पर टैप करें। उत्तर और छोटा कारण तुरंत दिखेगा।Kisi option par tap kijiye. Answer aur chhota reason turant dikhega.
1. Centre and radius of x² + y² − 6x + 4y − 12 = 0 arex² + y² − 6x + 4y − 12 = 0 का केंद्र और त्रिज्या हैंx² + y² − 6x + 4y − 12 = 0 ka centre aur radius hain
2. Focus of y² = 20x isy² = 20x की नाभि हैy² = 20x ka focus hai
3. Directrix of x² = −8y isx² = −8y की नियता हैx² = −8y ki directrix hai
4. Length of the latus rectum of y² = 12x isy² = 12x के नाभिलंब की लंबाई हैy² = 12x ke latus rectum ki length hai
5. For x²/25 + y²/16 = 1, c equalsx²/25 + y²/16 = 1 के लिए c बराबर हैx²/25 + y²/16 = 1 ke liye c barabar hai
6. Eccentricity of x²/25 + y²/16 = 1 isx²/25 + y²/16 = 1 की उत्केंद्रता हैx²/25 + y²/16 = 1 ki eccentricity hai
7. The major axis of x²/9 + y²/36 = 1 lies alongx²/9 + y²/36 = 1 का दीर्घ अक्ष किसके अनुदिश हैx²/9 + y²/36 = 1 ka major axis kiske along hai
8. For a hyperbola, the eccentricity e isअतिपरवलय की उत्केंद्रता e होती हैHyperbola ki eccentricity e hoti hai
9. Foci of x²/16 − y²/9 = 1 arex²/16 − y²/9 = 1 की नाभियाँ हैंx²/16 − y²/9 = 1 ke foci hain
10. Latus rectum of x²/9 + y²/4 = 1 isx²/9 + y²/4 = 1 का नाभिलंब हैx²/9 + y²/4 = 1 ka latus rectum hai
11. A plane cuts a double cone parallel to a generator (β = α), not through the vertex. The section is aएक तल द्वि-शंकु को जनक रेखा के समांतर (β = α), शीर्ष से होकर नहीं, काटता है। परिच्छेद हैPlane double cone ko generator ke parallel (β = α), vertex se nahi, kaatta hai. Section hai
12. The point (1, 2) with respect to x² + y² = 4 liesx² + y² = 4 के सापेक्ष बिंदु (1, 2) स्थित हैx² + y² = 4 ke saapeksh point (1, 2) hai
Found a mistake?कोई गलती दिखी?Koi galti dikhi? Report a mistakeगलती बताइएGalti bataiye — we fix confirmed errors quickly.— पक्की गलतियाँ हम जल्दी ठीक करते हैं।— confirm galtiyan hum jaldi theek karte hain.
These are Simple Learning Hub's own study notes and solutions, written to follow the NCERT Class 11 Mathematics textbook (Reprint 2026-27) section by section; read them with the official NCERT chapter. Diagrams are original SLH drawings.ये Simple Learning Hub के अपने स्टडी नोट्स हैं, जो NCERT कक्षा 11 गणित की किताब (2026-27) के हर अनुभाग के साथ लिखे गए हैं; इन्हें NCERT के आधिकारिक अध्याय के साथ पढ़िए। डायग्राम SLH के अपने बनाए चित्र हैं।Ye Simple Learning Hub ke apne study notes hain, jo NCERT Class 11 Maths ki kitaab (2026-27) ke har section ke saath likhe gaye hain; inhe NCERT ke official chapter ke saath padhiye. Diagrams SLH ki apni drawings hain.