Work function φ0 — energy pictureकार्य फलन φ0 — ऊर्जा चित्रWork function φ0 — energy picture
NCERT Sec 11.2 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 11 · interactive diagram
Parts and what they mean
- Inside the metal (धातु के भीतर) — Free electrons move about inside, but the positive ions pull them back if they try to leave.
- Free electrons (different energies) (मुक्त इलेक्ट्रॉन (विभिन्न ऊर्जाएँ)) — Like molecules in a gas, free electrons do not all have the same energy; they have an energy distribution.
- Most energetic free electrons (सर्वाधिक ऊर्जा वाले मुक्त इलेक्ट्रॉन) — These need the least extra energy to escape — exactly φ0.
- Electron at rest just outside (ठीक बाहर विराम में इलेक्ट्रॉन) — Energy level of an electron that has just escaped with zero kinetic energy.
- Outside (vacuum) (बाहर (निर्वात)) — Region outside the metal surface.
- Work function φ0 (कार्य फलन φ0) — Minimum energy an electron needs to escape from the metal surface. Measured in eV; depends on the metal and its surface.
- Deeper electron (गहरा इलेक्ट्रॉन) — A lower-energy electron needs more than φ0 to come out; φ0 is the least energy (for the most energetic electrons).
Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Sec 11.2. Report a mistake