Example 10.2: a polaroid P₂ rotated between crossed polaroids P₁ and P₃उदाहरण 10.2: क्रॉस पोलेरॉइड P₁ और P₃ के बीच घुमाया गया पोलेरॉइड P₂Example 10.2: a polaroid P₂ rotated between crossed polaroids P₁ and P₃

NCERT Example 10.2 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 10 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Polaroid P₁ (पोलेरॉइड P₁) — Makes the light polarised; intensity after it = I₀.
• Polaroid P₂ (rotated) (पोलेरॉइड P₂ (घुमाया जाता)) — At angle θ to P₁: transmits I₀ cos²θ.
• Polaroid P₃ (crossed with P₁) (पोलेरॉइड P₃ (P₁ से क्रॉस)) — At (π/2 − θ) to P₂: I = I₀ cos²θ cos²(π/2 − θ) = I₀ cos²θ sin²θ = (I₀/4) sin²2θ.
• Transmitted intensity vs θ (θ के साथ पारगमित तीव्रता) — Zero at θ = 0° and 90°; maximum I₀/4 at θ = 45° (π/4). Without P₂ the crossed pair passes nothing!

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Example 10.2. Report a mistake