Superposition principle: force on q₁ from many chargesअध्यारोपण सिद्धांत: अनेक आवेशों के कारण q₁ पर बलSuperposition principle: force on q₁ from many charges

NCERT Fig 1.5 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 1 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Charge q₁ (the one we study) (आवेश q₁ (जिस पर बल ज्ञात करना है)) — We want the total force on this charge.
• Charge q₂ (आवेश q₂) — Pushes q₁ along the line joining them (both positive → repulsion).
• Charge q₃ (आवेश q₃) — Also pushes q₁ along its own joining line.
• F₁₂: force on q₁ due to q₂ (F₁₂: q₂ के कारण q₁ पर बल) — Given by Coulomb’s law for the pair (q₁, q₂) alone; q₃ does not change it.
• F₁₃: force on q₁ due to q₃ (F₁₃: q₃ के कारण q₁ पर बल) — Given by Coulomb’s law for the pair (q₁, q₃) alone.
• Net force F₁ = F₁₂ + F₁₃ (परिणामी बल F₁ = F₁₂ + F₁₃) — Vector sum (parallelogram / triangle law). This is the superposition principle.
• Parallelogram of forces (बलों का समांतर चतुर्भुज) — Completing the parallelogram on F₁₂ and F₁₃ gives the diagonal F₁.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 1.5. Report a mistake