p-type semiconductor: trivalent acceptorp-प्रकार अर्धचालक: त्रिसंयोजी ग्राहीp-type semiconductor: trivalent acceptor

NCERT Fig 14.8 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 14 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Trivalent acceptor atom (B, Al, In) (त्रिसंयोजी ग्राही परमाणु (B, Al, In)) — It has one valence electron fewer than Si, so it bonds with only three neighbours; the bond to the fourth has a vacancy.
• Hole in the fourth bond (चौथे आबंध में होल) — A neighbouring electron can jump in, moving the hole away. Once the acceptor holds this fourth electron it becomes a fixed − ion. One acceptor gives one hole.
• (b) Schematic of p-type material ((b) p-प्रकार पदार्थ का व्यवस्था चित्र) — Shows only the fixed acceptor cores and their holes.
• Ionised acceptor core (−) (आयनित ग्राही क्रोड (−)) — Immobile negative charge in the lattice.
• Holes — majority carriers (होल — बहुसंख्यक वाहक) — One per acceptor plus a few thermal ones.
• Electron — minority carrier (इलेक्ट्रॉन — अल्पसंख्यक वाहक) — Only from thermal generation, reduced by recombination: ne < ni.
• +4 Si core (+4 Si क्रोड) — Host silicon atom.
• Covalent bond (सहसंयोजक आबंध) — Two shared electrons.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 14.8. Report a mistake