n-type semiconductor: pentavalent donorn-प्रकार अर्धचालक: पंचसंयोजी दाताn-type semiconductor: pentavalent donor

NCERT Fig 14.7 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 14 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Pentavalent donor atom (As, Sb, P) (पंचसंयोजी दाता परमाणु (As, Sb, P)) — It takes the place of a Si atom. Four of its five valence electrons form bonds with the four Si neighbours.
• The fifth (extra) electron (पाँचवाँ (अतिरिक्त) इलेक्ट्रॉन) — Very weakly bound: only ~0.01 eV (Ge) or ~0.05 eV (Si) frees it, so at room temperature it is a free conduction electron. The donor is left as a fixed + ion.
• (b) Schematic of n-type material ((b) n-प्रकार पदार्थ का व्यवस्था चित्र) — Shows only the fixed donor cores and their extra electrons; the Si lattice is not drawn.
• Ionised donor core (+) (आयनित दाता क्रोड (+)) — Immobile positive charge bound in the lattice.
• Free electrons — majority carriers (मुक्त इलेक्ट्रॉन — बहुसंख्यक वाहक) — One from each donor, independent of temperature; far more than the thermal ones.
• Hole — minority carrier (होल — अल्पसंख्यक वाहक) — Only from thermal generation, and reduced further by recombination with the many electrons.
• +4 Si core (+4 Si क्रोड) — Host silicon atom.
• Covalent bond (सहसंयोजक आबंध) — Two shared electrons.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 14.7. Report a mistake