p-n junction diode under forward biasअग्रदिशिक बायस में p-n संधि डायोडp-n junction diode under forward bias
NCERT Fig 14.13 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 14 · interactive diagram
Parts and what they mean
- p-side → battery + (p-ओर → बैटरी +) — Forward bias: the p-side is joined to the positive terminal.
- n-side → battery − (n-ओर → बैटरी −) — The n-side is joined to the negative terminal.
- Battery (forward) (बैटरी (अग्रदिशिक)) — Its voltage V is opposite to the built-in potential V0, and drops almost entirely across the depletion region (it has very high resistance compared with the p and n sides).
- Depletion region — narrower (अवक्षय क्षेत्र — पतला) — Forward bias decreases the width of the depletion layer.
- Fixed ions (स्थिर आयन) — Fewer uncovered ions as the layer narrows.
- (a) Circuit ((a) परिपथ) — Diode under forward bias.
- Forward current (अग्र धारा) — Conventional current flows p → n inside the diode; usually milliamperes.
- (b) Barrier potential ((b) विभव प्राचीर) — Potential across the junction for different battery voltages.
- (1) Without battery: V0 ((1) बिना बैटरी: V0) — Equilibrium barrier.
- (2) Low battery voltage: V0 − V ((2) कम बैटरी वोल्टता: V0 − V) — Barrier slightly lowered: only carriers in the uppermost energy levels cross; small current.
- (3) High battery voltage ((3) अधिक बैटरी वोल्टता) — Barrier much lower: many more carriers cross, current rises steeply.
- Holes (होल) — Pushed towards the junction and injected into the n-side.
- Electrons (इलेक्ट्रॉन) — Pushed towards the junction and injected into the p-side.
Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 14.13. Report a mistake