Mass defect and binding energy of ¹⁶O¹⁶O की द्रव्यमान क्षति और बंधन ऊर्जाMass defect and binding energy of ¹⁶O

NCERT Section 13.4.2 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 13 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Separate constituents (अलग-अलग अवयव) — 8 protons, 8 neutrons (and 8 electrons) far apart: 8 × (1.00727 + 1.00866 + 0.00055) u = 16.13184 u.
• Oxygen-16 atom (ऑक्सीजन-16 परमाणु) — Measured atomic mass 15.99493 u (nucleus alone: 15.99053 u). Bound = lighter.
• Total mass apart (अलग होने पर कुल द्रव्यमान) — Sum of the masses of the free particles.
• Mass when bound (बँधने पर द्रव्यमान) — Atomic mass of ¹⁶O from mass spectroscopy.
• Binding releases energy (बँधने पर ऊर्जा मुक्त) — When the nucleons come together, energy E_b = ΔMc² is given out.
• Separating needs energy (अलग करने में ऊर्जा चाहिए) — To pull the nucleus apart into free nucleons you must supply the same energy E_b.
• Mass defect ΔM (द्रव्यमान क्षति ΔM) — ΔM = [Z m_p + (A − Z) m_n] − M. For ¹⁶O, ΔM = 0.13691 u.
• Binding energy E_b (बंधन ऊर्जा E_b) — E_b = ΔMc² = 127.5 MeV; per nucleon 127.5/16 ≈ 7.97 MeV.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Section 13.4.2. Report a mistake