Materials in a magnetic field: dia, para, ferroचुंबकीय क्षेत्र में पदार्थ: प्रति, अनु, लौहMaterials in a magnetic field: dia, para, ferro

NCERT Fig 5.7 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 5 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Diamagnetic sample (χ < 0) (प्रतिचुंबकीय नमूना (χ < 0)) — Field lines are pushed out and the field inside is slightly reduced. In a non-uniform field it moves from strong to weak field (repelled). E.g. bismuth, copper, lead, water. (Drawn with μᵣ = 0.5 to make it visible.)
• Paramagnetic sample (0 < χ < ε) (अनुचुंबकीय नमूना (0 < χ < ε)) — Field lines are drawn in; the field inside is slightly enhanced. Moves from weak to strong field (weakly attracted). E.g. aluminium, sodium, calcium, oxygen at STP, copper chloride. (Drawn with μᵣ = 2.)
• Ferromagnetic sample (χ ≫ 1) (लौहचुंबकीय नमूना (χ ≫ 1)) — Field lines are highly concentrated in the sample; strongly attracted towards strong field. E.g. iron, cobalt, nickel, gadolinium (μᵣ > 1000).
• Superconductor (perfect diamagnet) (अतिचालक (पूर्ण प्रतिचुंबक)) — χ = −1, μᵣ = 0: the field is completely expelled — the Meissner effect. Used for maglev trains.
• External field B₀ (बाह्य क्षेत्र B₀) — Uniform field before the sample was placed.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 5.7. Report a mistake