Potential energy and torque vs angleकोण के साथ स्थितिज ऊर्जा और बल आघूर्णPotential energy and torque vs angle

Class 12 Physics · Chapter 5 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Potential energy U = −m·B (स्थितिज ऊर्जा U = −m·B) — Zero chosen at θ = 90°. Minimum −mB at θ = 0°, maximum +mB at θ = 180°.
• Torque magnitude mB sin θ (बल आघूर्ण mB sin θ) — Zero at 0° and 180° (equilibrium), largest (mB) at 90°.
• Stable equilibrium (θ = 0°) (स्थायी संतुलन (θ = 0°)) — m along B: lowest energy; a small twist creates a torque that brings it back.
• Unstable equilibrium (θ = 180°) (अस्थायी संतुलन (θ = 180°)) — m opposite to B: highest energy; a tiny twist and it flips over.
• Zero of energy (ऊर्जा का शून्य) — Taking the integration constant zero puts U = 0 at θ = 90°; only differences of U matter.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on the NCERT textbook. Report a mistake