Why dia- and paramagnetism happenप्रति- और अनुचुंबकत्व क्यों होता हैWhy dia- and paramagnetism happen
NCERT §5.5.1–5.5.2 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 5 · interactive diagram
Parts and what they mean
- Electron orbiting one way (एक दिशा में घूमता इलेक्ट्रॉन) — An orbiting electron is a tiny current loop with an orbital magnetic moment.
- Electron orbiting the other way (दूसरी दिशा में घूमता इलेक्ट्रॉन) — Its moment is opposite, so in a diamagnetic atom the resultant moment is zero.
- Moment along B₀: electron slows down (B₀ के अनुदिश आघूर्ण: इलेक्ट्रॉन धीमा) — When B₀ is applied, electrons whose moment is along B₀ slow down (induced effect, Lenz’s law).
- Moment opposite to B₀: electron speeds up (B₀ के विपरीत आघूर्ण: इलेक्ट्रॉन तेज़) — Those opposite to B₀ speed up, so a net moment opposite to B₀ appears → repulsion.
- Induced net moment (प्रेरित नेट आघूर्ण) — Points opposite to B₀, so the diamagnetic sample is pushed towards weaker field.
- Applied field B₀ (लगाया गया क्षेत्र B₀) —
- Applied field B₀ (लगाया गया क्षेत्र B₀) —
- Paramagnetic atoms, no field (अनुचुंबकीय परमाणु, बिना क्षेत्र) — Each atom has a permanent moment, but random thermal motion keeps them pointing every way — no net magnetisation.
- Paramagnetic atoms in strong B₀ (प्रबल B₀ में अनुचुंबकीय परमाणु) — A strong field and low temperature line the moments up along B₀; at saturation all are aligned.
Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT §5.5.1–5.5.2. Report a mistake