Galvanometer → ammeter (shunt) and voltmeter (series R)गैल्वेनोमीटर → ऐमीटर (शंट) और वोल्टमीटर (श्रेणी R)Galvanometer → ammeter (shunt) and voltmeter (series R)

NCERT Fig 4.21–4.22 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 4 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Galvanometer G (resistance G) (गैल्वेनोमीटर G (प्रतिरोध G)) — Carries only a tiny part of the current.
• Shunt rs (small, in parallel) (शंट rs (छोटा, पार्श्व में)) — Most current bypasses G. Total resistance ≈ rs, so the ammeter barely disturbs the circuit.
• Current I to be measured (मापी जाने वाली धारा I) — The ammeter goes in series in the circuit.
• Galvanometer G (गैल्वेनोमीटर G) — Full-scale deflection at current Ig.
• High resistance R in series (श्रेणी में उच्च प्रतिरोध R) — Voltmeter resistance G + R is very large, so it draws almost no current. Connected in parallel across the element.
• Design formulas (डिज़ाइन सूत्र) — Shunt: Ig G = (I − Ig) rs. Series resistance: V = Ig (G + R).

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 4.21–4.22. Report a mistake