A plane EM wave: E along x, B along y, travelling along zसमतल EM तरंग: E, x की ओर, B, y की ओर, संचरण z की ओरA plane EM wave: E along x, B along y, travelling along z

NCERT Fig 8.3 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 8 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Electric field E = E₀ sin(kz − ωt) x̂ (विद्युत क्षेत्र E = E₀ sin(kz − ωt) x̂) — Oscillates in the x–z plane. Its arrows show E at each z at one instant.
• Magnetic field B = B₀ sin(kz − ωt) ŷ (चुंबकीय क्षेत्र B = B₀ sin(kz − ωt) ŷ) — Oscillates in the y–z plane, in phase with E: both are maximum and zero at the same places.
• Direction of propagation (+z) (संचरण की दिशा (+z)) — Along E × B. The wave moves at c = 1/√(μ₀ε₀) ≈ 3 × 10⁸ m/s in vacuum.
• Wavelength λ (तरंगदैर्घ्य λ) — Distance between two neighbouring crests. k = 2π/λ and νλ = c.
• Amplitude E₀ (आयाम E₀) — Maximum value of E. The magnetic amplitude is B₀ = E₀/c.
• Axes x, y, z (right-handed) (अक्ष x, y, z (दक्षिणावर्ती निकाय)) — x̂ × ŷ = ẑ, so E (x) × B (y) points along z.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 8.3. Report a mistake