Dipole in a uniform electric field: torqueएकसमान विद्युत क्षेत्र में द्विध्रुव: बल आघूर्णDipole in a uniform electric field: torque

NCERT Fig 1.19 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 1 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Uniform external field E (एकसमान बाह्य क्षेत्र E) — Same strength and direction everywhere.
• Charge +q (आवेश +q) — Pushed along E with force qE.
• Charge −q (आवेश −q) — Pushed opposite to E with force qE.
• Force qE on +q (+q पर बल qE) — Along the field.
• Force −qE on −q (−q पर बल −qE) — Equal and opposite to the force on +q, so the net force is zero.
• Dipole (length 2a) (द्विध्रुव (लंबाई 2a)) — Two equal and opposite forces at different points form a couple.
• Dipole moment p (द्विध्रुव आघूर्ण p) — From −q to +q.
• Angle θ between p and E (p और E के बीच कोण θ) — τ = pE sin θ: maximum at θ = 90°, zero at θ = 0° or 180°.
• Perpendicular distance 2a sin θ (लंबवत दूरी 2a sin θ) — Torque = force × arm = qE × 2a sin θ = pE sin θ.
• Torque τ = p × E (बल आघूर्ण τ = p × E) — Points into the page here; it turns the dipole to line up with E.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 1.19. Report a mistake