Continuous charge: line, surface and volume densityसंतत आवेश: रैखिक, पृष्ठ और आयतन घनत्वContinuous charge: line, surface and volume density

NCERT Fig 1.21 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 1 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Charge spread along a line (wire) (रेखा (तार) पर फैला आवेश) — Linear charge density λ = Δq/Δl: charge per unit length (C m⁻¹).
• Small length element Δl (छोटा लंबाई अवयव Δl) — Small on the large scale, but still contains a huge number of electrons/protons.
• Charge spread over a surface (पृष्ठ पर फैला आवेश) — Surface charge density σ = ΔQ/ΔS: charge per unit area (C m⁻²).
• Small area element ΔS (छोटा क्षेत्रफल अवयव ΔS) — Macroscopically small, microscopically large.
• Charge spread through a volume (आयतन में फैला आवेश) — Volume charge density ρ = ΔQ/ΔV: charge per unit volume (C m⁻³).
• Small volume element ΔV (छोटा आयतन अवयव ΔV) — Total field = sum (integral) of the fields of all such elements: superposition.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 1.21. Report a mistake