Coulomb’s law: geometry and forcesकूलॉम नियम: ज्यामिति और बलCoulomb’s law: geometry and forces

NCERT Fig 1.3 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 1 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Point charge q₁ (बिंदु आवेश q₁) — At position vector r₁ from the origin.
• Point charge q₂ (बिंदु आवेश q₂) — At position vector r₂ from the origin.
• Origin O (मूल बिंदु O) — Any fixed reference point; the force does not depend on where we put it.
• Position vector r₁ (स्थिति सदिश r₁) — From O to q₁.
• Position vector r₂ (स्थिति सदिश r₂) — From O to q₂.
• Vector r₂₁ = r₂ − r₁ (सदिश r₂₁ = r₂ − r₁) — Points from q₁ to q₂; its length r₂₁ is the distance between the charges.
• Force F₂₁ on q₂ due to q₁ (q₁ के कारण q₂ पर बल F₂₁) — F₂₁ = (1/4πε₀)(q₁q₂/r₂₁²) r̂₂₁. For like charges it points away from q₁ (repulsion).
• Force F₁₂ on q₁ due to q₂ (q₂ के कारण q₁ पर बल F₁₂) — Equal in size and opposite in direction: F₁₂ = −F₂₁ (Newton’s third law).

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 1.3. Report a mistake