Thomson’s plum pudding model vs Rutherford’s nuclear modelटॉमसन का प्लम पुडिंग मॉडल बनाम रदरफ़ोर्ड का नाभिकीय मॉडलThomson’s plum pudding model vs Rutherford’s nuclear model

NCERT §12.1 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 12 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Uniform positive charge (Thomson) (समान रूप से फैला धनावेश (टॉमसन)) — In Thomson’s model the positive charge fills the whole atom uniformly, like the pudding.
• Electrons embedded (Thomson) (धँसे हुए इलेक्ट्रॉन (टॉमसन)) — Electrons sit inside the positive sphere like seeds in a watermelon.
• Nucleus (Rutherford) (नाभिक (रदरफ़ोर्ड)) — All the positive charge and almost all the mass, packed in a size of about 10⁻¹⁵–10⁻¹⁴ m.
• Electrons in orbits (Rutherford) (कक्षाओं में इलेक्ट्रॉन (रदरफ़ोर्ड)) — Electrons revolve around the nucleus like planets around the sun.
• Orbits (कक्षाएँ) — Paths of the revolving electrons (classical picture).
• Empty space (रिक्त स्थान) — Atom size ~10⁻¹⁰ m but nucleus ~10⁻¹⁵ m: almost the whole atom is empty, so most α-particles pass straight through.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT §12.1. Report a mistake