Molecular diagnosis: PCR, probe, ELISAआण्विक निदान: PCR, प्रोब, एलाइज़ा

Class 12 Biology · Chapter 10 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) (PCR (पॉलीमरेज़ श्रृंखला अभिक्रिया)) — Amplifies the nucleic acid of a pathogen, so even a very low concentration (before symptoms appear) can be detected. Used routinely to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients and mutations in suspected cancer patients.
• Radioactive probe (रेडियोधर्मी प्रोब) — A single-stranded DNA or RNA tagged with a radioactive molecule. It hybridises to its complementary DNA in a clone of cells.
• Autoradiography (स्वविकिरणी चित्रण) — Detection on photographic film. A clone with the MUTATED gene does not appear on the film, because the probe is not complementary to it.
• ELISA (एलाइज़ा (ELISA)) — Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay — based on the principle of antigen–antibody interaction.
• Detecting antigens (प्रतिजन की पहचान) — Infection can be detected by the presence of the pathogen’s antigens (proteins, glycoproteins, etc.).
• Antibody (प्रतिरक्षी) — Antibodies bind specifically to the antigen.
• Detecting antibodies (प्रतिरक्षी की पहचान) — Or infection is detected by finding the antibodies synthesised against the pathogen.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on the NCERT textbook. Report a mistake