Replication of a retrovirus (HIV)पश्च विषाणु (रेट्रोवायरस, HIV) का प्रतिकृतियन

NCERT Fig 7.6 · Class 12 Biology · Chapter 7 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Retrovirus (HIV) (पश्च विषाणु (रेट्रोवायरस, HIV)) — Human Immuno deficiency Virus: a retrovirus — an envelope enclosing an RNA genome.
• Viral protein coat (envelope) (विषाणु का प्रोटीन आवरण) — The envelope that encloses the RNA core of the virus.
• Host cell (e.g. macrophage) (पोषक कोशिका (जैसे महाभक्षकाणु)) — HIV first enters macrophages, which keep making virus and act like an HIV factory. It also enters helper T-lymphocytes (TH).
• Plasma membrane (प्लाज़्मा झिल्ली) — The virus infects the cell and its RNA is introduced across the membrane.
• Viral RNA (विषाणु RNA) — The RNA genome of HIV, introduced into the host cell.
• Reverse transcriptase (व्युत्क्रम ट्रांसक्रिप्टेज़ (रिवर्स ट्रांसक्रिप्टेज़)) — Viral enzyme that makes viral DNA using the viral RNA as template (RNA → DNA).
• Viral DNA (विषाणु DNA) — Made by reverse transcriptase; it gets incorporated into the host cell's DNA and directs the cell to produce virus particles.
• Nucleus (केंद्रक) — Holds the host DNA, into which the viral DNA is incorporated.
• Host DNA (पोषक DNA) — The cell's own DNA (genome).
• New viral RNA (नया विषाणु RNA) — Produced by the infected cell from the incorporated viral DNA.
• New viruses (नए विषाणु) — Released into the blood; they attack other helper T-lymphocytes. The infected cell can survive while viruses are being made and released.

Steps

1. 1 · The retrovirus (HIV) infects a normal cell (e.g. macrophage).
2. 2 · Viral RNA is introduced into the cell.
3. 3 · Reverse transcriptase makes viral DNA from the RNA.
4. 4 · Viral DNA is incorporated into the host cell's DNA.
5. 5 · The infected cell produces new viral RNA.
6. 6 · New viruses are made and released; they infect other cells (helper T-cells).

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 7.6. Report a mistake