Agarose gel electrophoresisएगारोज़ जेल वैद्युतकणसंचलन

NCERT Fig 9.3 · Class 12 Biology · Chapter 9 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Agarose gel (एगारोज़ जेल) — The matrix: agarose is a natural polymer extracted from sea weeds. It acts as a sieve — fragments separate by size.
• Wells (कूप (वेल)) — DNA samples are loaded here, at the cathode (−) end.
• Cathode (−) (कैथोड (−)) — Negative electrode; samples are loaded near it.
• Anode (+) (एनोड (+)) — DNA fragments are negatively charged, so they move towards the anode under the electric field.
• Undigested DNA (lane 1) (अपचित DNA (लेन 1)) — Uncut DNA is one big molecule, so it stays close to the well.
• Larger fragments (बड़े टुकड़े) — Move slowly — they stay nearer the wells.
• Smaller fragments (छोटे टुकड़े) — The smaller the fragment, the farther it moves (sieving effect).
• DNA band (DNA पट्टी) — Seen only after staining with ethidium bromide and exposing to UV light — bright orange bands.
• Direction of movement (गति की दिशा) — From cathode (−) to anode (+). Bands are later cut out and the DNA extracted — elution.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 9.3. Report a mistake