White- and dark-winged moths (England)सफ़ेद और गहरे पंखों वाले शलभ (इंग्लैंड)

NCERT Fig 6.4 · Class 12 Biology · Chapter 6 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• White-winged moth (सफ़ेद पंखों वाला शलभ (मॉथ)) — Hidden on whitish lichen → survived before industrialisation (more of them in the 1850s collection). Easy to spot on dark trunks.
• Dark-winged (melanised) moth (गहरे पंखों वाला (मेलानीकृत) शलभ) — Hidden on soot-darkened trunks → more of them after industrialisation (1920 collection). On lichen it was picked out by predators.
• Trunk with whitish lichen (unpolluted) (सफ़ेद लाइकेन वाला तना (अप्रदूषित)) — Before industrialisation, thick almost-white lichen covered the trees. Lichens do not grow in polluted areas — they are pollution indicators.
• Soot-darkened trunk (polluted) (कालिख से काला तना (प्रदूषित)) — Industrial smoke and soot killed the lichen and made the trunks dark.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 6.4. Report a mistake