Pond ecosystem — structureतालाब पारितंत्र — संरचना

NCERT Section 12.1 · Class 12 Biology · Chapter 12 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Sun — solar input (सूर्य — सौर ऊर्जा) — Solar input, the cycle of temperature, day-length and climate regulate how fast the whole pond works.
• Water (abiotic) (जल (अजैव)) — The abiotic part: water with dissolved inorganic and organic substances.
• Bottom soil (abiotic) (तली की मिट्टी (अजैव)) — Rich soil deposit at the bottom of the pond — also abiotic.
• Phytoplankton (producers) (पादपप्लवक (उत्पादक)) — Autotrophs: tiny floating plants/algae that make food by photosynthesis.
• Floating plants (producers) (प्लावी पौधे (उत्पादक)) — Autotrophs floating on the surface.
• Submerged plants (producers) (निमग्न पौधे (उत्पादक)) — Autotrophs living under water.
• Marginal plants (producers) (किनारे के पौधे (उत्पादक)) — Autotrophs growing at the edges of the pond.
• Zooplankton (consumers) (प्राणिप्लवक (उपभोक्ता)) — Tiny floating animals that eat phytoplankton — consumers.
• Free-swimming consumers (fish) (मुक्त तैरने वाले उपभोक्ता (मछली)) — Consumers that swim freely in the water.
• Bottom-dwelling consumers (तली में रहने वाले उपभोक्ता) — Consumers living on the pond bottom (e.g. a snail).
• Decomposers (अपघटक) — Fungi, bacteria and flagellates, especially abundant at the bottom; they mineralise dead matter so autotrophs can reuse it.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Section 12.1. Report a mistake