Osmosis: level of solution rises in a thistle funnelपरासरण: थिसल कीप में विलयन का स्तर बढ़ता हैOsmosis: level of solution rises in a thistle funnel

NCERT Fig 1.9 · Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 1 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Thistle funnel (थिसल कीप) — Holds the solution; its narrow stem shows the level change clearly.
• Solution (e.g. sugar in water) (विलयन (जैसे पानी में चीनी)) — Lower concentration of solvent than pure water.
• Semipermeable membrane (SPM) (अर्धपारगम्य झिल्ली) — Lets small solvent (water) molecules pass but not the bigger solute particles. Examples: pig’s bladder, parchment, cellophane.
• Pure solvent (water) (शुद्ध विलायक (जल)) — Water molecules move from here into the solution.
• Net flow of solvent → into solution (विलायक का शुद्ध प्रवाह → विलयन में) — Osmosis: solvent flows through the SPM from pure solvent (or dilute solution) to the more concentrated solution.
• Rise in level (h) (स्तर में वृद्धि (h)) — The column rises until its hydrostatic pressure stops further net flow; that pressure equals the osmotic pressure (π = hρg at equilibrium).
• Beaker (बीकर) — Contains pure water.

Steps

1. Set-up: solution inside the funnel, pure water outside, SPM between them.
2. Water molecules move through the SPM into the solution (osmosis).
3. The solution level in the stem rises by h, until equilibrium.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 1.9. Report a mistake