Proper and improper orientation of colliding moleculesटकराने वाले अणुओं का सही और गलत अभिविन्यासProper and improper orientation of colliding molecules

NCERT Fig 3.12 · Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 3 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Proper orientation → effective collision (सही अभिविन्यास → प्रभावी संघट्ट) — CH₃Br + OH⁻ → CH₃OH + Br⁻ happens only when OH⁻ hits carbon from the side opposite Br, with enough energy.
• Improper orientation → no reaction (गलत अभिविन्यास → कोई अभिक्रिया नहीं) — Even with enough energy, OH⁻ hitting the Br end cannot form a C–O bond.
• Hydroxide ion OH⁻ (हाइड्रॉक्साइड आयन OH⁻) — Attacking species; its O forms the new C–O bond.
• Carbon of CH₃Br (CH₃Br का कार्बन) — The carbon must be reached for a bond to form.
• H atoms of CH₃ group (CH₃ समूह के H परमाणु) — The pale H is behind the page (3D shape).
• Bromine — leaving group (ब्रोमीन — निकलने वाला समूह) — Leaves as Br⁻ when the C–Br bond breaks.
• Methanol, CH₃OH (product) (मेथेनॉल, CH₃OH (उत्पाद)) — Formed only after an effective collision.
• Bromide ion, Br⁻ (product) (ब्रोमाइड आयन, Br⁻ (उत्पाद)) — The second product.
• Molecules simply bounce back (अणु बस वापस उछल जाते हैं) — No products. This is why the probability (steric) factor P is used: Rate = P Z(AB) e^(−Ea/RT).

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 3.12. Report a mistake