Classification of haloalkanes and haloarenesहैलोऐल्केन और हैलोऐरीन का वर्गीकरणClassification of haloalkanes and haloarenes

Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 6 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Organohalogen compounds (कार्बनिक हैलोजन यौगिक) — H atom(s) of a hydrocarbon replaced by halogen atom(s): alkyl halides (haloalkanes) and aryl halides (haloarenes).
• Monohalo compound — one halogen atom (मोनोहैलो यौगिक — एक हैलोजन परमाणु) — Example: C₂H₅X. These are further classified by the hybridisation of the C bonded to X.
• Dihalo compound — two halogen atoms (डाइहैलो यौगिक — दो हैलोजन परमाणु) — Example: CH₂X–CH₂X (vic) or CH₃CHX₂ (gem).
• Polyhalo compound — three or more halogen atoms (पॉलिहैलो यौगिक — तीन या अधिक हैलोजन) — Tri-, tetra-… e.g. CHCl₃, CCl₄ (Section 6.8).
• Alkyl halides (haloalkanes), R–X (ऐल्किल हैलाइड (हैलोऐल्केन), R–X) — Homologous series CₙH₂ₙ₊₁X; classified as primary, secondary or tertiary.
• Primary (1°) alkyl halide (प्राथमिक (1°) ऐल्किल हैलाइड) — X is on a carbon bonded to only one other carbon, e.g. CH₃CH₂Br.
• Secondary (2°) alkyl halide (द्वितीयक (2°) ऐल्किल हैलाइड) — X is on a carbon bonded to two other carbons, e.g. CH₃CH(Br)CH₃.
• Tertiary (3°) alkyl halide (तृतीयक (3°) ऐल्किल हैलाइड) — X is on a carbon bonded to three other carbons, e.g. (CH₃)₃CBr.
• Allylic halide (ऐलिलिक हैलाइड) — X on an sp³ carbon next to a C=C (allylic carbon), e.g. CH₂=CHCH₂Br (allyl bromide).
• Benzylic halide (बेन्ज़िलिक हैलाइड) — X on an sp³ carbon attached to an aromatic ring, e.g. C₆H₅CH₂Cl (benzyl chloride).
• Vinylic halide (वाइनिलिक हैलाइड) — X on an sp² carbon of a C=C, e.g. CH₂=CHCl (vinyl chloride).
• Aryl halide (haloarene) (ऐरिल हैलाइड (हैलोऐरीन)) — X directly on an sp² carbon of an aromatic ring, e.g. chlorobenzene.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on the NCERT textbook. Report a mistake