Resonance in chlorobenzene and the C–Cl bondक्लोरोबेन्ज़ीन में अनुनाद और C–Cl बंधResonance in chlorobenzene and the C–Cl bond
Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 6 · interactive diagram
Parts and what they mean
- Structure I (Kekulé) (संरचना I (केकुले)) — A Cl lone pair moves into the C–Cl bond; a ring π pair moves onto the ortho carbon.
- Structure II: =Cl⁺, negative charge at ortho (संरचना II: =Cl⁺, ऑर्थो पर ऋण आवेश) — C=Cl⁺ double bond; − on an ortho carbon.
- Structure III: negative charge at para (संरचना III: पैरा पर ऋण आवेश) — The negative charge moves to the para carbon.
- Structure IV: negative charge at the other ortho (संरचना IV: दूसरे ऑर्थो पर ऋण आवेश) — Charges on Cl⁺ and on the second ortho carbon.
- Structure V (second Kekulé) (संरचना V (दूसरी केकुले)) — Neutral again, with the other set of ring double bonds.
- Partial double-bond character (आंशिक द्विबंध गुण) — Because of structures II–IV the C–Cl bond is stronger than a single bond, so its cleavage is more difficult than in a haloalkane.
- C–Cl bond length: 177 pm vs 169 pm (C–Cl बंध लंबाई: 177 pm बनाम 169 pm) — NCERT: 177 pm in a haloalkane, 169 pm in a haloarene (resonance + sp² carbon with more s-character).
Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on the NCERT textbook. Report a mistake