Werner's experiment: CoCl₃·xNH₃ + AgNO₃वर्नर का प्रयोग: CoCl₃·xNH₃ + AgNO₃Werner's experiment: CoCl₃·xNH₃ + AgNO₃

NCERT Table 5.1 · Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 5 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Yellow complex (पीला संकुल) — Formulated as [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺3Cl⁻ … total secondary valence (coordination number) 6.
• Colour: yellow (रंग: पीला) — Different arrangements give different colours — the violet and green compounds have the same formula (isomers).
• Coordination entity [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ (समन्वय सत्ता [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺) — Everything inside [ ] stays bonded to Co³⁺ and does not dissociate. Cl inside the bracket is NOT precipitated by Ag⁺.
• 3 ionisable Cl⁻ (counter ions) (3 आयननीय Cl⁻ (प्रति आयन)) — Primary valence: ionisable, satisfied by negative ions; these Cl⁻ are free in solution.
• 3 mol AgCl precipitate (3 मोल AgCl अवक्षेप) — 3 free Cl⁻ + 3 Ag⁺ → 3 AgCl↓. Conductivity: 4 ions per formula unit.
• Purple complex (बैंगनी (परपल) संकुल) — Formulated as [CoCl(NH₃)₅]²⁺2Cl⁻ … total secondary valence (coordination number) 6.
• Colour: purple (रंग: बैंगनी (परपल)) — Different arrangements give different colours — the violet and green compounds have the same formula (isomers).
• Coordination entity [CoCl(NH₃)₅]²⁺ (समन्वय सत्ता [CoCl(NH₃)₅]²⁺) — Everything inside [ ] stays bonded to Co³⁺ and does not dissociate. Cl inside the bracket is NOT precipitated by Ag⁺.
• 2 ionisable Cl⁻ (counter ions) (2 आयननीय Cl⁻ (प्रति आयन)) — Primary valence: ionisable, satisfied by negative ions; these Cl⁻ are free in solution.
• 2 mol AgCl precipitate (2 मोल AgCl अवक्षेप) — 2 free Cl⁻ + 2 Ag⁺ → 2 AgCl↓. Conductivity: 3 ions per formula unit.
• Green complex (हरा संकुल) — Formulated as [CoCl₂(NH₃)₄]⁺ (trans)1Cl⁻ … total secondary valence (coordination number) 6.
• Colour: green (रंग: हरा) — Different arrangements give different colours — the violet and green compounds have the same formula (isomers).
• Coordination entity [CoCl₂(NH₃)₄]⁺ (trans) (समन्वय सत्ता [CoCl₂(NH₃)₄]⁺ (विपक्ष)) — Everything inside [ ] stays bonded to Co³⁺ and does not dissociate. Cl inside the bracket is NOT precipitated by Ag⁺.
• 1 ionisable Cl⁻ (counter ions) (1 आयननीय Cl⁻ (प्रति आयन)) — Primary valence: ionisable, satisfied by negative ions; these Cl⁻ are free in solution.
• 1 mol AgCl precipitate (1 मोल AgCl अवक्षेप) — 1 free Cl⁻ + 1 Ag⁺ → 1 AgCl↓. Conductivity: 2 ions per formula unit.
• Violet complex (बैंगनी (वायलेट) संकुल) — Formulated as [CoCl₂(NH₃)₄]⁺ (cis)1Cl⁻ … total secondary valence (coordination number) 6.
• Colour: violet (रंग: बैंगनी (वायलेट)) — Different arrangements give different colours — the violet and green compounds have the same formula (isomers).
• Coordination entity [CoCl₂(NH₃)₄]⁺ (cis) (समन्वय सत्ता [CoCl₂(NH₃)₄]⁺ (समपक्ष)) — Everything inside [ ] stays bonded to Co³⁺ and does not dissociate. Cl inside the bracket is NOT precipitated by Ag⁺.
• 1 ionisable Cl⁻ (counter ions) (1 आयननीय Cl⁻ (प्रति आयन)) — Primary valence: ionisable, satisfied by negative ions; these Cl⁻ are free in solution.
• 1 mol AgCl precipitate (1 मोल AgCl अवक्षेप) — 1 free Cl⁻ + 1 Ag⁺ → 1 AgCl↓. Conductivity: 2 ions per formula unit.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Table 5.1. Report a mistake