VBT: [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ (inner orbital) vs [CoF₆]³⁻ (outer orbital)VBT: [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ (आंतरिक कक्षक) बनाम [CoF₆]³⁻ (बाह्य कक्षक)VBT: [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ (inner orbital) vs [CoF₆]³⁻ (outer orbital)

NCERT §5.5.1 · Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 5 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Free Co³⁺ ion: 3d⁶ (मुक्त Co³⁺ आयन: 3d⁶) — Co is [Ar]3d⁷4s²; Co³⁺ loses the two 4s and one 3d electron → 3d⁶ with 4 unpaired electrons (Hund’s rule).
• [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺: d²sp³ ([Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺: d²sp³) — Under NH₃ the six 3d electrons pair up in three orbitals; two empty inner 3d + 4s + three 4p → six d²sp³ hybrids, each filled by an NH₃ lone pair. Octahedral.
• Diamagnetic, inner orbital, low spin (प्रतिचुंबकीय, आंतरिक कक्षक, निम्न प्रचक्रण) — Inner (n−1)d orbitals are used → inner orbital = low spin = spin paired complex.
• [CoF₆]³⁻: sp³d² ([CoF₆]³⁻: sp³d²) — The 3d electrons stay unpaired; 4s + three 4p + two OUTER 4d → six sp³d² hybrids for the six F⁻ pairs. Octahedral.
• Paramagnetic, outer orbital, high spin (अनुचुंबकीय, बाह्य कक्षक, उच्च प्रचक्रण) — Four unpaired electrons: μ = √(4×6) = √24 ≈ 4.90 BM. Outer orbital = high spin = spin free.
• Ligand electron pair (लिगन्ड इलेक्ट्रॉन युग्म) — Orange boxes are hybrid orbitals; each receives one electron pair from a ligand (coordinate bond).

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT §5.5.1. Report a mistake