Importance and applications of coordination compoundsउपसहसंयोजन यौगिकों का महत्त्व और अनुप्रयोगImportance and applications of coordination compounds
NCERT §5.7 · Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 5 · interactive diagram
Parts and what they mean
- Qualitative and quantitative analysis (गुणात्मक और मात्रात्मक विश्लेषण) — Colour reactions of metal ions with ligands (especially chelating ones) are used to detect and estimate them: EDTA, DMG (dimethylglyoxime), α-nitroso-β-naphthol, cupron.
- Hardness of water (जल की कठोरता) — Estimated by titration with Na₂EDTA; Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ form stable complexes. They can be estimated selectively because their stability constants differ.
- Extraction of gold (and silver) (सोने (और चाँदी) का निष्कर्षण) — Gold combines with cyanide in the presence of oxygen and water to form [Au(CN)₂]⁻; adding zinc separates metallic gold.
- Purification of metals (धातुओं का शोधन) — Impure nickel is converted to [Ni(CO)₄], which is decomposed to yield pure nickel.
- Chlorophyll — magnesium (क्लोरोफ़िल — मैग्नीशियम) — The pigment responsible for photosynthesis is a coordination compound of Mg.
- Haemoglobin — iron (हीमोग्लोबिन — आयरन) — The red pigment of blood, an oxygen carrier, is a coordination compound of Fe.
- Vitamin B₁₂ — cobalt (विटामिन B₁₂ — कोबाल्ट) — Cyanocobalamine, the anti-pernicious anaemia factor, is a coordination compound of Co.
- Enzymes with metal ions (धातु आयन वाले एंज़ाइम) — Carboxypeptidase A and carbonic anhydrase — catalysts of biological systems.
- Industrial catalysts (औद्योगिक उत्प्रेरक) — Wilkinson catalyst, the rhodium complex [(Ph₃P)₃RhCl], is used to hydrogenate alkenes.
- Electroplating (विद्युत-लेपन) — Silver and gold plate much more smoothly and evenly from [Ag(CN)₂]⁻ and [Au(CN)₂]⁻ than from simple metal ions.
- Black-and-white photography (श्वेत-श्याम फ़ोटोग्राफ़ी) — The developed film is fixed with hypo, which dissolves undecomposed AgBr as [Ag(S₂O₃)₂]³⁻.
- Chelate therapy and anticancer drugs (कीलेट चिकित्सा और कैंसर-रोधी दवाएँ) — Excess Cu and Fe are removed with D-penicillamine and desferrioxime B; EDTA treats lead poisoning; cis-platin and related compounds inhibit tumour growth.
Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT §5.7. Report a mistake