Shapes of coordination polyhedraसमन्वय बहुफलकों की आकृतियाँShapes of coordination polyhedra

NCERT Fig 5.1 · Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 5 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Octahedral — coordination number 6 (अष्टफलकीय — समन्वय संख्या 6) — Six ligands at ±x, ±y, ±z; all L–M–L angles 90° or 180°. e.g. [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺. Hybridisation d²sp³ or sp³d².
• Square planar — coordination number 4 (वर्ग समतली — समन्वय संख्या 4) — Four ligands at the corners of a square, all in one plane (90°). e.g. [PtCl₄]²⁻, [Ni(CN)₄]²⁻. Hybridisation dsp².
• Tetrahedral — coordination number 4 (चतुष्फलकीय — समन्वय संख्या 4) — Four ligands at the corners of a tetrahedron (≈109.5°). e.g. [Ni(CO)₄], [NiCl₄]²⁻. Hybridisation sp³.
• Trigonal bipyramidal — coordination number 5 (त्रिकोणीय द्विपिरैमिडी — समन्वय संख्या 5) — Three ligands in a triangle (120°) + two axial (90° to it). e.g. [Fe(CO)₅]. Hybridisation sp³d (Table 5.2).
• Square pyramidal — coordination number 5 (वर्ग पिरैमिडी — समन्वय संख्या 5) — Four ligands in a square base + one at the apex. Each Mn(CO)₅ unit in [Mn₂(CO)₁₀] is square pyramidal.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 5.1. Report a mistake