Isomerism in coordination compounds: the family treeउपसहसंयोजन यौगिकों में समावयवता: वंश-वृक्षIsomerism in coordination compounds: the family tree
NCERT §5.4 · Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 5 · interactive diagram
Parts and what they mean
- Isomers (समावयव) — Same chemical formula, different arrangement of atoms → different physical or chemical properties.
- Stereoisomerism (त्रिविम समावयवता) — Same formula and same chemical bonds, but different spatial arrangement.
- Structural isomerism (संरचनात्मक समावयवता) — The isomers have different bonds.
- Geometrical isomerism (ज्यामितीय समावयवता) — In heteroleptic complexes: ligands adjacent (cis) or opposite (trans); in [Ma₃b₃]: fac or mer. Common for CN 4 (square planar) and 6.
- Optical isomerism (ध्रुवण समावयवता) — Mirror images that cannot be superimposed (enantiomers), d and l. Common in octahedral complexes with didentate ligands.
- Linkage isomerism (बंधनी समावयवता) — Arises with an ambidentate ligand. [Co(NH₃)₅(NO₂)]Cl₂: red (–ONO) and yellow (–NO₂) forms (Jørgensen).
- Coordination isomerism (उपसहसंयोजन समावयवता) — Ligands interchange between cationic and anionic entities: [Co(NH₃)₆][Cr(CN)₆] and [Cr(NH₃)₆][Co(CN)₆].
- Ionisation isomerism (आयनन समावयवता) — The counter ion can itself act as a ligand: [Co(NH₃)₅(SO₄)]Br and [Co(NH₃)₅Br]SO₄.
- Solvate (hydrate) isomerism (विलायकयोजन (हाइड्रेट) समावयवता) — Solvent bonded to the metal or free in the lattice: [Cr(H₂O)₆]Cl₃ (violet) vs [Cr(H₂O)₅Cl]Cl₂·H₂O (grey-green).
Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT §5.4. Report a mistake