d orbital splitting in a tetrahedral crystal fieldचतुष्फलकीय क्रिस्टल क्षेत्र में d कक्षकों का विपाटनd orbital splitting in a tetrahedral crystal field

NCERT Fig 5.9 · Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 5 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Energy axis (ऊर्जा अक्ष) — Higher = higher energy.
• Free ion (मुक्त आयन) — Five degenerate d orbitals.
• Average energy (औसत ऊर्जा) — Reference level before splitting.
• t2 set (upper): d(xy), d(yz), d(xz) (t2 समूह (ऊपर): d(xy), d(yz), d(xz)) — In a tetrahedron the splitting is inverted: these three are now higher. No “g” because a tetrahedron has no centre of symmetry.
• e set (lower): d(x²−y²), d(z²) (e समूह (नीचे): d(x²−y²), d(z²)) — These two are lower in a tetrahedral field.
• Δt — tetrahedral splitting (Δt — चतुष्फलकीय विपाटन) — Smaller than Δo for the same metal, ligands and distance.
• Δt = (4/9) Δo (Δt = (4/9) Δo) — The splitting is not large enough to force pairing, so tetrahedral complexes are almost always high spin.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 5.9. Report a mistake