d orbital splitting in an octahedral crystal fieldअष्टफलकीय क्रिस्टल क्षेत्र में d कक्षकों का विपाटनd orbital splitting in an octahedral crystal field

NCERT Fig 5.8 · Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 5 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Energy axis (ऊर्जा अक्ष) — Higher = higher energy.
• Free metal ion (मुक्त धातु आयन) — In an isolated gaseous ion all five d orbitals have the same energy: they are degenerate.
• Spherical field of negative charge (ऋण आवेश का गोलीय क्षेत्र) — All five are raised equally; degeneracy is kept.
• eg set: d(x²−y²), d(z²) (eg समूह: d(x²−y²), d(z²)) — Point along the axes towards the ligands → more repulsion → raised.
• t2g set: d(xy), d(yz), d(xz) (t2g समूह: d(xy), d(yz), d(xz)) — Point between the axes → less repulsion → lowered.
• Δo — crystal field splitting energy (Δo — क्रिस्टल क्षेत्र विपाटन ऊर्जा) — The energy gap between eg and t2g (o = octahedral). Depends on the ligand’s field strength and the charge on the metal ion.
• eg rises by 3/5 Δo (eg, 3/5 Δo ऊपर) — Two orbitals × (+3/5) = +6/5 …
• t2g falls by 2/5 Δo (t2g, 2/5 Δo नीचे) — … three orbitals × (−2/5) = −6/5: the average (barycentre) energy is unchanged.
• Barycentre (भार-केंद्र) — Average energy of the d orbitals in the spherical field.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 5.8. Report a mistake