Hormones: chemical nature and the insulin–glucagon balanceहॉर्मोन: रासायनिक प्रकृति और इंसुलिन–ग्लूकागॉन संतुलनHormones: chemical nature and the insulin–glucagon balance

NCERT 10.6 · Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 10 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Steroid hormones (स्टेरॉयड हॉर्मोन) — e.g. estrogens and androgens. Produced by the adrenal cortex (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids) and gonads (testosterone in males; estradiol, progesterone in females).
• Polypeptide hormones (पॉलिपेप्टाइड हॉर्मोन) — e.g. insulin and endorphins.
• Amino acid derivatives (ऐमीनो अम्ल व्युत्पन्न) — e.g. epinephrine and norepinephrine (mediate responses to external stimuli). Thyroxine (thyroid gland) is an iodinated derivative of tyrosine: low level → hypothyroidism (lethargy, obesity), high level → hyperthyroidism; iodised salt prevents iodine deficiency.
• Balance of biological activities (जैविक क्रियाओं का संतुलन) — Hormones help maintain the balance of biological activities — e.g. keeping blood glucose within a narrow limit.
• Insulin (इंसुलिन) — Released in response to a rapid rise in blood glucose level; brings it down.
• Glucagon (ग्लूकागॉन) — Tends to increase the glucose level in blood. Insulin and glucagon together regulate it.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT 10.6. Report a mistake