Fischer projections: glucose (I), gluconic acid (II), saccharic acid (III)फ़िशर प्रक्षेपण: ग्लूकोस (I), ग्लूकोनिक अम्ल (II), सैकेरिक अम्ल (III)Fischer projections: glucose (I), gluconic acid (II), saccharic acid (III)

NCERT Structures I, II, III · Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 10 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• I — D-(+)-glucose (I — D-(+)-ग्लूकोस) — Configuration given by Fischer. Pattern of –OH from C-2 to C-5: right, left, right, right.
• II — gluconic acid (II — ग्लूकोनिक अम्ल) — Only C-1 changed: –CHO → –COOH (bromine water). The –OH pattern is unchanged.
• III — saccharic acid (III — सैकेरिक अम्ल) — Both ends oxidised by HNO₃: –CHO and –CH₂OH → –COOH.
• C-2: –OH on the right (C-2: –OH दाईं ओर) — Asymmetric carbon (four different groups).
• C-3: –OH on the left (C-3: –OH बाईं ओर) — The only –OH on the left in D-glucose.
• C-4: –OH on the right (C-4: –OH दाईं ओर) — Asymmetric carbon.
• C-5: –OH on the right → D (C-5: –OH दाईं ओर → D) — Lowest asymmetric carbon; compared with D-(+)-glyceraldehyde to assign D.
• Each crossing point = one carbon atom (हर कटान बिंदु = एक कार्बन परमाणु) — In a Fischer projection horizontal groups point toward you, vertical bonds away; the most oxidised carbon (–CHO) is written at the top.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Structures I, II, III. Report a mistake