Classification of carbohydratesकार्बोहाइड्रेटों का वर्गीकरणClassification of carbohydrates

Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 10 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Carbohydrates (कार्बोहाइड्रेट) — Optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or compounds that give such units on hydrolysis. Classified by their behaviour on hydrolysis.
• Monosaccharides (मोनोसैकेराइड) — Cannot be hydrolysed further to simpler polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. About 20 occur in nature.
• Oligosaccharides (ओलिगोसैकेराइड) — Give 2 to 10 monosaccharide units on hydrolysis. Most common: disaccharides (sucrose → glucose + fructose; maltose → 2 glucose).
• Polysaccharides (पॉलिसैकेराइड) — Give a large number of monosaccharide units on hydrolysis. Not sweet, so also called non-sugars.
• Reducing sugars (अपचायी शर्करा) — Reduce Fehling’s solution and Tollens’ reagent: they have a free aldehydic or ketonic group (or a free anomeric carbon). All monosaccharides, aldose or ketose, are reducing.
• Non-reducing sugars (अनपचायी शर्करा) — The reducing groups of both monosaccharide units are bonded to each other. Sucrose (C1 of glucose – C2 of fructose) is non-reducing.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on the NCERT textbook. Report a mistake