p-Nitrophenoxide: the negative charge reaches the nitro groupp-नाइट्रोफ़ीनॉक्साइड: ऋण आवेश नाइट्रो समूह तक पहुँचता हैp-Nitrophenoxide: the negative charge reaches the nitro group

Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 7 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• p-Nitrophenoxide ion (charge on phenoxide O) (p-नाइट्रोफ़ीनॉक्साइड आयन (आवेश फ़ीनॉक्साइड O पर)) — Formed when p-nitrophenol loses H⁺.
• Quinonoid resonance structure: negative charge on a nitro oxygen (क्विनोनॉइड अनुनादी संरचना: ऋण आवेश नाइट्रो ऑक्सीजन पर) — Possible only when –NO₂ is ortho or para to O⁻. This extra delocalisation stabilises the anion (NCERT Intext 7.8).
• Ortho and para nitro groups (ऑर्थो और पैरा नाइट्रो समूह) — Resonance (−R) + inductive (−I) withdrawal.
• Meta nitro group (मेटा नाइट्रो समूह) — Only the inductive effect operates, so m-nitrophenol is weaker than its o- and p-isomers but still stronger than phenol.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on the NCERT textbook. Report a mistake