Hydrogen bonding in alcohols and phenolsऐल्कोहॉल और फ़ीनॉल में हाइड्रोजन बंधनHydrogen bonding in alcohols and phenols

Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 7 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• –OH group of an alcohol (R–O–H) (ऐल्कोहॉल का –OH समूह (R–O–H)) — O is strongly electronegative, so H carries δ+ and O carries δ−.
• Neighbouring alcohol molecules (पड़ोसी ऐल्कोहॉल अणु) — Each O accepts one H-bond and each O–H donates one — a long chain.
• Intermolecular hydrogen bond O–H···O (अंतराअणुक हाइड्रोजन बंध O–H···O) — Extra energy is needed to break these, so alcohols boil much higher than hydrocarbons, ethers and haloalkanes of similar mass.
• Hydrogen bonding between phenol molecules (फ़ीनॉल अणुओं के बीच हाइड्रोजन बंधन) — Phenols also have high boiling points for the same reason.
• Alcohol hydrogen-bonded to water (जल से हाइड्रोजन-बंधित ऐल्कोहॉल) — The –OH both gives an H-bond to water and accepts one from water: this is why lower alcohols dissolve.
• Solubility trend (विलेयता की प्रवृत्ति) — Solubility decreases as the alkyl/aryl (hydrophobic) part grows.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on the NCERT textbook. Report a mistake