Sulphonation of aniline; why no Friedel–Craftsऐनिलीन का सल्फ़ोनन; फ़्रीडेल–क्राफ़्ट्स क्यों नहींSulphonation of aniline; why no Friedel–Crafts
Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 9 · interactive diagram
Parts and what they mean
- Aniline (ऐनिलीन) — A base: it first reacts with the acid.
- Concentrated sulphuric acid (सांद्र सल्फ़्यूरिक अम्ल) — Forms the salt anilinium hydrogensulphate.
- Anilinium hydrogensulphate (ऐनिलीनियम हाइड्रोजनसल्फ़ेट) — C₆H₅N⁺H₃ HSO₄⁻.
- Heating with H₂SO₄ at 453–473 K (H₂SO₄ के साथ 453–473 K पर गर्म) — Gives p-aminobenzenesulphonic acid as the major product.
- Sulphanilic acid (p-aminobenzenesulphonic acid) (सल्फ़ैनिलिक अम्ल (p-ऐमीनोबेन्ज़ीनसल्फ़ोनिक अम्ल)) — Drawn as NCERT shows it: a zwitterion, ⁺H₃N–C₆H₄–SO₃⁻ (acidic –SO₃H has given its H⁺ to the basic –NH₂).
- No Friedel–Crafts alkylation/acylation (फ़्रीडेल–क्राफ़्ट्स ऐल्किलन/ऐसिलन नहीं) — Aniline forms a salt with the Lewis acid catalyst AlCl₃; the positively charged N strongly deactivates the ring.
Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on the NCERT textbook. Report a mistake