Solvation of substituted ammonium ions in waterजल में प्रतिस्थापित अमोनियम आयनों का विलायकयोजनSolvation of substituted ammonium ions in water

Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 9 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Primary ammonium ion R–N⁺H₃ (प्राथमिक अमोनियम आयन R–N⁺H₃) — Three N–H → three H-bonds with water → best stabilised by solvation.
• Secondary ammonium ion R₂N⁺H₂ (द्वितीयक अमोनियम आयन R₂N⁺H₂) — Two N–H → two H-bonds.
• Tertiary ammonium ion R₃N⁺H (तृतीयक अमोनियम आयन R₃N⁺H) — Only one N–H → one H-bond → least stabilised by solvation.
• Hydrogen bond N–H···OH₂ (हाइड्रोजन बंध N–H···OH₂) — Water molecules hydrogen-bond to the N–H of the cation and spread its charge.
• Water molecule (जल अणु) — Solvent; solvation stabilises the ion.
• Solvation order 1° > 2° > 3° (विलायकयोजन क्रम 1° > 2° > 3°) — By solvation alone the basicity order would be 1° > 2° > 3°, opposite to the +I order (3° > 2° > 1°, seen in the gas phase). Real aqueous order = interplay of +I, solvation and steric hindrance.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on the NCERT textbook. Report a mistake