Effect of substituents on the acidity of carboxylic acidsकार्बोक्सिलिक अम्लों की अम्लता पर प्रतिस्थापियों का प्रभावEffect of substituents on the acidity of carboxylic acids
Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 8 · interactive diagram
Parts and what they mean
- Electron-withdrawing group (EWG) (इलेक्ट्रॉन-आकर्षी समूह (EWG)) — Delocalises the negative charge of the carboxylate by –I and/or –R effects, stabilising it.
- Electron-donating group (EDG) (इलेक्ट्रॉन-दाता समूह (EDG)) — Intensifies the negative charge on the carboxylate, destabilising it.
- Order of acid-strengthening effect of groups (समूहों के अम्ल-वर्धक प्रभाव का क्रम) — CF₃ strengthens the most; Ph the least among these.
- NCERT series of acids (based on pKa) (अम्लों की NCERT श्रेणी (pKa आधारित)) — More halogens and stronger EWGs nearer to –COOH make the acid stronger; alkyl groups make it weaker.
- Distance matters (–I effect fades) (दूरी मायने रखती है (–I प्रभाव घटता है)) — An EWG on the α-carbon has a bigger effect than on the β-carbon (ClCH₂COOH > ClCH₂CH₂COOH in NCERT’s series); NCERT Intext 8.8 iii shows the same for β vs γ.
Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on the NCERT textbook. Report a mistake