Reactions of the –COOH group and the hydrocarbon part–COOH समूह और हाइड्रोकार्बन भाग की अभिक्रियाएँReactions of the –COOH group and the hydrocarbon part
Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 8 · interactive diagram
Parts and what they mean
- Carboxylic acid (कार्बोक्सिलिक अम्ल) — Hard to reduce: NaBH₄ does NOT reduce –COOH.
- Primary alcohol (प्राथमिक ऐल्कोहॉल) — LiAlH₄, or better diborane (B₂H₆), which does not easily reduce ester, nitro or halo groups.
- Sodium salt of the acid (अम्ल का सोडियम लवण) — Heated with soda lime (NaOH and CaO in the ratio 3 : 1).
- Hydrocarbon with one carbon less (एक कम कार्बन वाला हाइड्रोकार्बन) — CO₂ is lost (as Na₂CO₃): decarboxylation. e.g. CH₃COONa → CH₄.
- Kolbe electrolysis (कोल्बे विद्युत-अपघटन) — Electrolysis of an aqueous solution of an alkali-metal carboxylate.
- Hydrocarbon R–R (हाइड्रोकार्बन R–R) — Twice the number of carbon atoms present in the alkyl group of the acid (e.g. CH₃COONa → C₂H₆).
- Acid with an α-hydrogen (α-हाइड्रोजन वाला अम्ल) — Treated with Cl₂ or Br₂ and a small amount of red phosphorus.
- α-Halocarboxylic acid (α-हैलोकार्बोक्सिलिक अम्ल) — The halogen goes onto the α-carbon only (Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky reaction).
- Benzoic acid (बेंज़ोइक अम्ल) — –COOH deactivates the ring.
- m-Nitrobenzoic acid (3-nitrobenzoic acid) (m-नाइट्रोबेंज़ोइक अम्ल (3-नाइट्रोबेंज़ोइक अम्ल)) — Nitration at the meta position.
- m-Bromobenzoic acid (3-bromobenzoic acid) (m-ब्रोमोबेंज़ोइक अम्ल (3-ब्रोमोबेंज़ोइक अम्ल)) — Bromination at the meta position.
Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on the NCERT textbook. Report a mistake