Preparation of ketonesकीटोन बनाने की विधियाँPreparation of ketones
Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 8 · interactive diagram
Parts and what they mean
- Grignard reagent + cadmium chloride (ग्रिन्यार अभिकर्मक + कैडमियम क्लोराइड) — Used to make the dialkylcadmium.
- Dialkylcadmium R₂Cd (डाइऐल्किलकैडमियम R₂Cd) — A milder organometallic than RMgX: it reacts with the acyl chloride but not further with the ketone.
- Acyl chloride + dialkylcadmium (ऐसिल क्लोराइड + डाइऐल्किलकैडमियम) — Each R group of R₂Cd replaces one Cl.
- Ketone R′COR (कीटोन R′COR) — e.g. (C₆H₅CH₂)₂Cd + 2CH₃COCl → 2C₆H₅CH₂COCH₃ + CdCl₂ (NCERT Intext 8.2 ii).
- Propanenitrile (प्रोपेननाइट्राइल) — The Grignard reagent adds across C≡N.
- Imine magnesium salt (intermediate) (इमीन मैग्नीशियम लवण (मध्यवर्ती)) — Hydrolysis converts C=NMgBr into C=O.
- Propiophenone (1-phenylpropan-1-one) (प्रोपियोफ़ीनोन (1-फ़ेनिलप्रोपेन-1-ओन)) — Ketone from nitrile + Grignard reagent.
- Benzene (बेंज़ीन) — Aromatic ring attacked by the acylium ion (RC≡O⁺) formed with AlCl₃.
- Acid chloride (अम्ल क्लोराइड) — R may be alkyl or aryl.
- Aryl ketone (Friedel–Crafts acylation) (ऐरिल कीटोन (फ़्रीडेल–क्राफ़्ट्स ऐसिलन)) — A good method for aromatic ketones.
- Acetyl chloride (ऐसीटिल क्लोराइड) — CH₃COCl puts a CH₃CO– (acetyl) group on the ring.
- Acetophenone (ऐसीटोफ़ीनोन) — Methyl phenyl ketone, C₆H₅COCH₃.
Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on the NCERT textbook. Report a mistake