Structure of the carboxyl group and its resonanceकार्बोक्सिल समूह की संरचना और अनुनादStructure of the carboxyl group and its resonance

Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 8 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Carboxylic acid R–COOH (कार्बोक्सिलिक अम्ल R–COOH) — Carbonyl group + hydroxyl group on the same carbon; the three bonds of that carbon are coplanar, ≈120°.
• Curved arrows: –OH lone pair → C, C=O π electrons → O (वक्र तीर: –OH एकाकी युग्म → C, C=O π इलेक्ट्रॉन → O) — Electron donation from the hydroxyl oxygen into the carbonyl group.
• Resonance (अनुनाद) — Two contributing structures of one molecule.
• Dipolar resonance structure (द्विध्रुवीय अनुनादी संरचना) — Negative charge on carbonyl O, positive charge on hydroxyl O.
• Carbonyl carbon of aldehydes/ketones (ऐल्डिहाइड/कीटोन का कार्बोनिल कार्बन) — No such electron donation, so it is strongly electrophilic and undergoes nucleophilic addition.
• Carboxyl carbon (कार्बोक्सिल कार्बन) — Resonance with –OH reduces its δ+ charge.
• Result (परिणाम) — Carboxylic acids do not give the typical nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on the NCERT textbook. Report a mistake