Chloroform–acetone hydrogen bond (negative deviation)क्लोरोफ़ॉर्म–ऐसीटोन हाइड्रोजन बंध (ऋणात्मक विचलन)Chloroform–acetone hydrogen bond (negative deviation)

Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 1 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Chloroform (CHCl₃) (क्लोरोफ़ॉर्म (CHCl₃)) — Three electronegative Cl atoms pull electron density away from C, so its H becomes slightly positive (δ+).
• Hydrogen of chloroform (δ+) (क्लोरोफ़ॉर्म का हाइड्रोजन (δ+)) — This H is attracted to the lone pair on acetone’s oxygen.
• Carbonyl oxygen of acetone (δ−) (ऐसीटोन का कार्बोनिल ऑक्सीजन (δ−)) — Has lone pairs that accept the hydrogen bond.
• Acetone ((CH₃)₂C=O) (ऐसीटोन ((CH₃)₂C=O)) — Pure acetone has no O–H, so it cannot H-bond with itself — but it can with chloroform.
• Hydrogen bond between A and B (A और B के बीच हाइड्रोजन बंध) — This extra A–B attraction lowers the escaping tendency of both → vapour pressure lower than Raoult’s law predicts (negative deviation).

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on the NCERT textbook. Report a mistake