Spin-only magnetic moments from d⁰ to d¹⁰d⁰ से d¹⁰ तक केवल-प्रचक्रण चुंबकीय आघूर्णSpin-only magnetic moments from d⁰ to d¹⁰

Class 12 Chemistry · Chapter 4 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• μ rises with unpaired electrons (अयुग्मित इलेक्ट्रॉनों के साथ μ बढ़ता है) — n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 gives 1.73, 2.83, 3.87, 4.90, 5.92 BM. From d⁶ electrons start pairing, so n falls again.
• d⁵: maximum (d⁵: अधिकतम) — Mn²⁺ and Fe³⁺ are d⁵ (high spin, as in water): 5 unpaired electrons, μ = √35 = 5.92 BM.
• d⁰ and d¹⁰: diamagnetic (d⁰ और d¹⁰: प्रतिचुंबकीय) — Sc³⁺, Ti⁴⁺ (d⁰) and Zn²⁺, Cu⁺ (d¹⁰) have no unpaired electrons: μ = 0.
• Axes (अक्ष) — Bars are calculated spin-only values for each d count (high-spin). NCERT Table 4.7 gives the observed values.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on the NCERT textbook. Report a mistake