Trophic levelsपोषी स्तर

NCERT Fig 13.2 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Level 1 — producers (स्तर 1 — उत्पादक) — Autotrophs fix solar energy (about 1% of the sunlight on leaves) and make it available to consumers.
• Level 2 — primary consumers (स्तर 2 — प्राथमिक उपभोक्ता) — Herbivores; get about 10% of the producers' energy.
• Level 3 — secondary consumers (स्तर 3 — द्वितीयक उपभोक्ता) — Small carnivores; about 10% of level 2.
• Level 4 — tertiary consumers (स्तर 4 — तृतीयक उपभोक्ता) — Large carnivores; very little usable energy remains, so chains rarely go beyond this.
• 10% rule (10% नियम) — On average only 10% of the food eaten becomes body mass available to the next level; the rest is lost mainly as heat.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 13.2. Report a mistake