Human alimentary canal (digestive system)मानव आहार नाल (पाचन तंत्र)

NCERT Fig 5.6 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Mouth (मुख) — Food is taken in; teeth chew it into small pieces; tongue mixes it with saliva.
• Salivary glands (लाला ग्रंथियाँ) — Make saliva, which has the enzyme salivary amylase: starch → sugar.
• Oesophagus (food pipe) (ग्रसिका (भोजन नली)) — Carries food from mouth to stomach by peristalsis (rhythmic muscle contraction).
• Stomach (आमाशय) — Gastric glands release HCl, pepsin and mucus. HCl makes the medium acidic for pepsin; mucus protects the lining from the acid.
• Liver (यकृत) — Largest gland. Makes bile juice (stored in the gall bladder).
• Gall bladder (पित्ताशय) — Stores bile. Bile makes food alkaline and breaks fats into small globules (emulsification).
• Pancreas (अग्न्याशय) — Pancreatic juice: trypsin (proteins) and lipase (emulsified fats).
• Small intestine (क्षुद्रांत्र) — Longest part; complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Villi absorb digested food into the blood.
• Large intestine (बृहदांत्र) — Absorbs more water from the unabsorbed food.
• Rectum (मलाशय) — Stores the waste for a short time before it is removed.
• Anus (गुदा) — Exit of waste is regulated by the anal sphincter (a ring of muscle).

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 5.6. Report a mistake