Single, double and triple covalent bonds (H₂, O₂, N₂)एकल, द्वि और त्रि सहसंयोजक आबंध (H₂, O₂, N₂)

NCERT Fig 4.1–4.4 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Hydrogen molecule, H₂ — single bond (हाइड्रोजन अणु, H₂ — एकल आबंध) — Each H has 1 electron; sharing one pair gives each the helium configuration (2 electrons in K shell).
• Oxygen molecule, O₂ — double bond (ऑक्सीजन अणु, O₂ — द्वि आबंध) — O has 6 valence electrons and needs 2 more: each O shares 2 electrons → two shared pairs.
• Nitrogen molecule, N₂ — triple bond (नाइट्रोजन अणु, N₂ — त्रि आबंध) — N (2, 5) needs 3 more: each N contributes 3 electrons → three shared pairs.
• Shared pair(s) of electrons (इलेक्ट्रॉनों के साझा युग्म) — One shared pair = one covalent bond (drawn as one line). The pair belongs to the outer shells of both atoms.
• Non-bonding electrons (असाझा इलेक्ट्रॉन) — Valence electrons not used in bonding. With them each O or N has 8 electrons around it (octet).

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 4.1–4.4. Report a mistake