Covalent bonds in H₂ (single) and O₂ (double)H₂ (एकल) और O₂ (द्वि) में सहसंयोजक आबंध

NCERT Fig 9.6, 9.8 · interactive diagram

Parts and their functions

• Hydrogen atom (हाइड्रोजन परमाणु) — Has 1 electron in its K-shell; needs 1 more for a stable duplet (2).
• Shared pair of electrons (इलेक्ट्रॉनों का साझा युग्म) — Each H gives one electron. The shared pair attracts both nuclei → covalent single bond, H—H.
• Oxygen atom (2, 6) (ऑक्सीजन परमाणु (2, 6)) — 6 valence electrons; needs 2 more for an octet. Only the valence shell is drawn.
• Two shared pairs (दो साझा युग्म) — Each O shares 2 electrons → 2 pairs → double bond, O=O. Now each O counts 8.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 9.6, 9.8. Report a mistake